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%  \usetheme{Antibes}  % ima sadrzaj gore i kao graf ...
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%      Site Specific Dynamics of Structures: 
%From Seismic Source to 
%the Safety of Occupants and Content


\title[Inelastic Base Slab Averaging]
        {Base Slab Averaging and Inelastic Effects in Soil-Structure Interaction
        Behavior of Mat-Slab Founded Structures, Effects on Reduction of Seismic
        Demand}


%\subtitle
%{Include Only If Paper Has a Subtitle}

%\author[Author, Another] % (optional, use only with lots of authors)
%{F.~Author\inst{1} \and S.~Another\inst{2}}
% - Give the names in the same order as the appear in the paper.
% - Use the \inst{?} command only if the authors have different
%   affiliation.
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\author[Jeremi{\'c} et al.] % (optional, use only with lots of authors)
%{Boris~Jeremi{\'c}}
{
Boris Jeremi{\'c}, Hexiang Wang and Han Yang
}
%\institute[Computational Geomechanics Group \hspace*{0.3truecm}
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%{ Professor, University of California, Davis\\
%{University of California, Davis, C}
{University of California, Davis}
% \\
% %  and\\
% %  Faculty Scientist, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley }
%   Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA}
% % - Use the \inst command only if there are several affiliations.
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%\logo{\pgfuseimage{university-logo}}

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% \logo{\pgfuseimage{university-logo}}




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\begin{frame}
  \titlepage
\end{frame}

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\begin{frame}
  \frametitle{Outline}

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  \tableofcontents
% You might wish to add the option [pausesections]
   \end{scriptsize}
\end{frame}

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% Structuring a talk is a difficult task and the following structure
% may not be suitable. Here are some rules that apply for this
% solution:

% - Exactly two or three sections (other than the summary).
% - At *most* three subsections per section.
% - Talk about 30s to 2min per frame. So there should be between about
%   15 and 30 frames, all told.

% - A conference audience is likely to know very little of what you
%   are going to talk about. So *simplify*!
% - In a 20min talk, getting the main ideas across is hard
%   enough. Leave out details, even if it means being less precise than
%   you think necessary.
% - If you omit details that are vital to the proof/implementation,
%   just say so once. Everybody will be happy with that.



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\section{Motivation}




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%\subsection{Motivation}
\subsection{\ }



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% 
% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% \begin{frame}
%  \frametitle{OVERVIEW}
% 
% 
% 
% Lecture 1 - Advanced numerical analysis of dams - Model Verification
% 
% 
% - Verification of boundary conditions for foundation rock, wave propagation
% 
% - Verification of concrete dam modeling, eigen-analysis, wave propagation
% 
% - Verification of rock and soil foundation modeling
% 
% - Verification of reservoir hydrodynamics modeling
% 
% 
% \end{frame}
% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%   
% 
% 
 

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{frame}
 \frametitle{Motivation}

\begin{itemize}

% 

\vspace*{3mm}
  \item[-] Spatial variability of seismic motions is well documented

\vspace*{5mm}
  \item[-] Base slab averaging is used to reduce seismic demand

\vspace*{5mm}
  \item[-] Inelasticity of soil-structure interface contributes more 
  to reduction of seismic demand then base slab averaging !

 
%\vspace*{3mm}
%%%  \item[-] Well trained and experienced engineers 
%  \item[-] Expert engineers can improve safety of infrastructure using inelastic
%  SSI analysis
%
%\vspace*{3mm}
%  \item[-] 
%

\end{itemize}



\end{frame}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
  
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{frame}
 \frametitle{Inelastic/Nonlinear SSI Analysis}

\begin{itemize}

% 

\vspace*{2mm}
  \item[-] Sophisticated inelastic SSI analysis available to engineers
    \begin{itemize}
      \item[-] Inelastic analysis programs
      \item[-] Fast computers
    \end{itemize}
% 

%\vspace*{2mm}
%  \item[-] Educated, trained and experienced engineers


\vspace*{3mm}
  \item[-] Analysis tools for design and assessment
       \url{http://real-essi.us/}
%       \url{http://real-essi.us/}

%  \item[-] Analysis toolbox to empower expert engineers to design and assess
%  explore realistic behavior of soils and structures and their static and
%  dynamic interaction for
%
%    \begin{itemize}
%      \item[-] Design
%      \item[-] Assessment
%    \end{itemize}


\vspace*{3mm}
  \item[-] Supplement prescriptive, generic,  code requirements
%   (ASCE-7)


\vspace*{3mm}
%  \item[-] Well trained and experienced engineers 
  \item[-] Benefits of sophisticated  inelastic SSI analysis 
%  are many
    \begin{itemize}
      \item[] infrastructure safety $\nearrow$
      \item[] infrastructure cost $\searrow$ ($CO_2$$\searrow$)
%      \item[] emissions $CO_2$$\searrow$
    \end{itemize}
% 


\end{itemize}
\end{frame}
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\section{Inelastic SSI, Reduction of Seismic Demand}



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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\subsection{Inelastic SSI Models}



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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{frame}
 \frametitle{Reducing Seismic Demand}

\begin{itemize}

%\vspace*{2mm}
  \item[-] Reduction of seismic demand due to incoherent motions 
%  allowed by code


\vspace*{2mm}
  \item[-] Linear elastic material  assumption
%  hence separation into kinematic and inertia effects

\vspace*{2mm}
%  \item[-] For earthquakes of interest, most seismic demand reduction 
  \item[-] Earthquake seismic demand reduction is mostly due to
  
    \begin{itemize}
%\vspace*{1mm}
      \item[-] Inelasticity of soil,  
\vspace*{1mm}
      \item[-] Inelasticity of soil-foundation interfaces

    \end{itemize}


\vspace*{2mm}
  \item[-] Inelastic SSI analysis: demonstrate reduction in seismic demand
  



%\vspace*{2mm}
%  \item[-] Inelastic SSI analysis to prove points 
  

\end{itemize}




\end{frame}






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\begin{frame}
 \frametitle{Analysis Model}


%  
% \begin{figure}[!htbp]
% \centering
% % \includegraphics[width=14cm]{./images/steel_frame.pdf}
% \includegraphics[width=14cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Reports/2021/ATC-144-report/images/steel_frame_denote.pdf}
% \caption{\label{Low_steel_building_model01}
% Low steel building model, 3D view.}
% \end{figure}
% 
% 
% \begin{figure}[!htbp]
% \centering
% \includegraphics[width=14cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Reports/2021/ATC-144-report/images/steel_frame1.pdf}
% \caption{\label{Low_steel_building_model02}
% Low steel building model, 3D view.}
% \end{figure}
% 
% 
% \begin{figure}[!htbp]
% \centering
% \includegraphics[width=14cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Reports/2021/ATC-144-report/images/steel_frame2.pdf}
% \caption{\label{Low_steel_building_model03}
% Low steel building model, 3D view.}
% \end{figure}
% 
% 
% \begin{figure}[!htbp]
% \centering
% \includegraphics[width=14cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Reports/2021/ATC-144-report/images/steel_frame.pdf}
% \caption{\label{Low_steel_building_model04}
% Low steel building model, 3D view.}
% \end{figure}



\begin{figure}[!htbp]
\centering
% \includegraphics[width=14cm]{./images/steel_frame_cut.pdf}
\hspace*{-5mm}
\includegraphics[width=6cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Reports/2021/ATC-144-report/images/steel_frame_cut_x_denote.pdf}
\hfill
\includegraphics[width=5cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Reports/2021/ATC-144-report/images/steel_frame_cut_y_denote.pdf}
\hspace*{-5mm}
\end{figure}


\end{frame}



%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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\begin{frame}
 \frametitle{Steel Frame with BRBs}




\begin{figure}[!htbp]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=6cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Reports/2021/ATC-144-report/images/steel_frame1.pdf}
\hfill
\includegraphics[width=4.5cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Reports/2021/ATC-144-report/images/BRB_calibration1.pdf}
\end{figure}




\hspace*{10mm}
Inelastic Frame
\hspace*{50mm}
BRBs
\hspace*{30mm}





\end{frame}



%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{frame}
 \frametitle{Soil and Interfaces Behavior}


%  

 
\begin{figure}[!htb]
\begin{center}
\hfill
\includegraphics[width=3.5cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Reports/2021/ATC-144-report/images/short_building_profile.pdf}
%\\
%\vspace*{5mm}
\hfill
\includegraphics[width=5cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Reports/2021/ATC-144-report/images/constitutive_behavior.pdf}
\hfill
%\includegraphics[width=2.7cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Reports/2021/ATC-144-report/images/Tau_calibration_VMAF_nonvanishing_elastic_region.pdf}
%\includegraphics[width=2.7cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Reports/2021/ATC-144-report/images/DP/Tau_calibration_DP_AF.pdf}
\end{center}
\end{figure}



%   
\begin{figure}[htbp]
\begin{center}
\hfill
\includegraphics[width=2.5cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/lecture_notes_KUCA/Lecture-Notes/Figure-files/_Chapter_Theory_Small_Deformation_Elasto_Plasticity/contact_Soft_Contact_Normal_Force_Function.pdf}
\hfill
\includegraphics[width=3cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/lecture_notes_KUCA/Lecture-Notes/Figure-files/_Chapter_Theory_Small_Deformation_Elasto_Plasticity/contact_Compare_Contact_Types.pdf}
\hfill
\end{center}
\end{figure}

\hspace*{20mm}
Axial  
\hspace*{50mm}
Shear
\hspace*{30mm}






\end{frame}






%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{frame}
 \frametitle{Incoherent Seismic Motions, 1D/1C}



 
\vspace*{5mm}
\begin{figure}[!htbp]
\begin{flushleft}
%\hspace*{-10mm}
\includegraphics[width=2.5cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Reports/2021/ATC-144-report/images/free-field.pdf}
\\
\includegraphics[width=2.5cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Reports/2021/ATC-144-report/images/far-field_vs_free-field.pdf}
\end{flushleft}
\end{figure}

\vspace*{-60mm}
\begin{figure}[!htbp]
\begin{flushright}
\includegraphics[width=8cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Reports/2021/ATC-144-report/images/incoherent_motion_x_v2.pdf}
\end{flushright}
\end{figure}
\vspace*{-10mm}


{\tiny Abrahamson and Ancheta incoherence models}

%

\end{frame}





%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% OVDE
% OVDE
% OVDE
% OVDE
% OVDE
%
% Vidi onaj izvestaj  Lizundia2020,  eCM2974
% strane 45-47, 
%
% ustvari kazi da nelinearnost uvek vazi i radi
% bez obzira da li se preporucuje ili ne preporucuje da se
% radi base slab averaging prema jednacinama koje daju...
% 
%
%  strana 48
% Daju neke "limits" kada koliko da se smanjuje, koliki
%  " response spectrum reductions " (
%   "The response spectrum reductions are period-dependent and most easily
% computed in a spreadsheet. ..."
% 
% a sve to lepo moze da se uradi analiticki/numericki
%
%
%
%
%
%
%





%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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\subsection{Inelastic Effects}







% 
% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% \begin{frame}
%  \frametitle{}
% 
% 
% 
% 
% 
% %  
% 
% \end{frame}
% 





%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{frame}
 \frametitle{Foundation: Elastic/Inelastic vs Coherent/Incoherent}




\begin{figure}[!htb]
%\hspace*{-5mm}
\begin{center}
%\subfloat[Acceleration at foundation surface]{
\subfloat[Acc.]{
\includegraphics[width=5.5cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Reports/2021/ATC-144-report/images/Short_building_groundsurface_mediummotion_Ax.pdf}}
%%\subfloat[Displacement at foundation surface]{
%\subfloat[Disp.]{
%\includegraphics[width=3cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Reports/2021/ATC-144-report/images/Short_building_groundsurface_mediummotion_Ux.pdf}}
%\\
%%\subfloat[FFT Acceleration at foundation surface]{
\subfloat[FFT Acc.]{
\includegraphics[width=5.5cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Reports/2021/ATC-144-report/images/Short_building_groundsurface_mediummotion_Ax_fft.pdf}}
% % \hspace{0.0cm}
% %\subfloat[FFT Displacement at foundation surface]{
% \subfloat[FFT Disp.]{
% \includegraphics[width=3cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Reports/2021/ATC-144-report/images/Short_building_groundsurface_mediummotion_Ux_fft.pdf}}
\end{center}
%\caption{\label{Fig_ground_surface_response_steel_frame_eici_x} Foundation surface, low
%steel  building, baseline motion 120711 and 120712, elastic soil model SM-EL1 and inelastic soil model SM-EP1, X direction. PGA: elastic coherent 0.95g, elastic incoherent 0.88g, inelastic coherent 0.15g and inelastic
%incoherent 0.15g.}
\end{figure}



%  

\end{frame}





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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{frame}
 \frametitle{Top Floor: Elastic/Inelastic vs Coherent/Incoherent}





\begin{figure}[!htb]
\begin{center}
%\subfloat[Acceleration at the top floor]{
\subfloat[Acc]{
\includegraphics[width=5.5cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Reports/2021/ATC-144-report/images/Short_building_topfloor_mediummotion_Ax.pdf}}
% %\subfloat[Displacement at the top floor]{
% \subfloat[Disp.]{
% \includegraphics[width=3cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Reports/2021/ATC-144-report/images/Short_building_topfloor_mediummotion_Ux.pdf}}
% \\
% %\subfloat[FFT Acceleration at the top floor]{
\subfloat[FFT Acc.]{
\includegraphics[width=5.5cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Reports/2021/ATC-144-report/images/Short_building_topfloor_mediummotion_Ax_fft.pdf}}
% % \hspace{0.0cm}
% %\subfloat[FFT Displacement at the top floor]{
% \subfloat[FFT Disp.]{
% \includegraphics[width=3cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Reports/2021/ATC-144-report/images/Short_building_topfloor_mediummotion_Ux_fft.pdf}}
\end{center}
%\caption{\label{Fig_topfloor_response_steel_frame_eici_x}  The  top  floor,  low  steel
%building, baseline motion 120711 and 120712, elastic soil model SM-EL1 and inelastic soil model SM-EP1, X direction. PGA: elastic coherent
%0.39g,   elastic  incoherent  0.39g,  inelastic  coherent  0.22g  and  inelastic
%incoherent 0.22g.}
\end{figure}



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\begin{frame}
 \frametitle{Ratio of Response Spectra, Free-Field vs Foundation}



     
\begin{figure}[!htb]
\begin{center}
\subfloat[X direction]{
\includegraphics[width=5cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Reports/2021/ATC-144-report/images/Short_building_foundationsurface_freefield_response_spectrum_ratio_mediummotion_Ax.pdf}}
\subfloat[Y direction]{
\includegraphics[width=5cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Reports/2021/ATC-144-report/images/Short_building_foundationsurface_freefield_response_spectrum_ratio_mediummotion_Ay.pdf}}
\end{center}
%\caption{\label{Fig_Sa_ratio_free_field_foundation_surface_compare}    
% % OVDE AAAAAAA
% Comparison of  ratio  of response spectra (RRS) between foundation surface of the 2 story,
% low steel frame building and free-field motions, baseline motion 120711 and 120712, elastic soil model SM-EL1 and inelastic soil model SM-EP1.}
\end{figure}



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\begin{frame}
 \frametitle{Response Spectra, Foundation vs Roof}



\begin{figure}[!htb]
\begin{center}
\subfloat[El, Coh]{
\includegraphics[width=3cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Reports/2021/ATC-144-report/images/Short_building_topfloor_foundationsurface_comparison_mediummotion_linear_coherent_Ax.pdf}}
\subfloat[El. Incoh.]{
\includegraphics[width=3cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Reports/2021/ATC-144-report/images/Short_building_topfloor_foundationsurface_comparison_mediummotion_linear_incoherent_Ax.pdf}}
\\
\subfloat[Inel. Coh.]{
\includegraphics[width=3cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Reports/2021/ATC-144-report/images/Short_building_topfloor_foundationsurface_comparison_mediummotion_nonlinear_coherent_Ax.pdf}}
\subfloat[Inel. Incoh.]{
\includegraphics[width=3cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Reports/2021/ATC-144-report/images/Short_building_topfloor_foundationsurface_comparison_mediummotion_nonlinear_incoherent_Ax.pdf}}
\end{center}
%\caption{\label{Fig_top_floor_foundation_surface_x_direction_compare} Comparison
%of acceleration FFT between the top floor and foundation surface, X direction, baseline motion 120711 and 120712, soil material model SM-EP1.}
\end{figure}




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\section{Summary}

%\subsection{Summary}
\subsection{\ }



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\begin{frame}
  \frametitle{Summary}




    \begin{itemize}


\item[-] Reduction of seismic demand, seismic response due to
inelasticity of soil and interfaces/contacts
      
%    \begin{itemize}
%%\vspace*{1mm}
%      \item[-] Inelasticity of soil,  
%%\vspace*{1mm}
%      \item[-] Inelasticity of soil-foundation interfaces
%
%    \end{itemize}

       
\vspace*{1mm}
      \item[-]  Realistic analysis, for engineers to improve safety
      and economy of infrastructure

%        \begin{itemize}
%%\vspace*{1mm}
%          \item[-] Improve safety of infrastructure
%%\vspace*{1mm}
%          \item[-] Improve economy of infrastructure
%    
%        \end{itemize}


%\vspace*{1mm}
%      \item[-]  Sophisticated analysis tool: \\
%       \url{http://real-essi.us/}


\vspace*{1mm}
      \item[-] 
    B. Jeremi{\'c}, H. Yang, H. Wang and B. Lizundia. Direct Analysis
    Soil-Structure Interaction Case Studies for the ATC-144 Project. 
    UCD-ESSI report, 2021. 

\vspace*{1mm}
      \item[-] 
           B. Lizundia, C.B. Crouse, S. Harris, B. Jeremi{\'c}, J.P. Stewart,
           and M. Valley. A practical guide to soil-structure
           interaction, FEMA P-2091. Technical Report FEMA P-2091, ATC-144, 2021.
%           Applied
%           Technology Council, Redwood City, CA, USA, 2020.

\end{itemize}




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