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%  \usetheme{Antibes}  % ima sadrzaj gore i kao graf ...
%  \usetheme{Berkeley} % ima sadrzaj desno
%  \usetheme{Berlin} % ima sadrzaj gore i tackice
%  \usetheme{Goettingen} % ima sadrzxaj za desne strane
%  \usetheme{Montpellier} % ima graf sadrzaj gore
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%      Site Specific Dynamics of Structures: 
%From Seismic Source to 
%the Safety of Occupants and Content


\title[Analysis Quality Assurance]
        {Quality Assurance of Inelastic Numerical Analysis for Soils and Structures}


%\subtitle
%{Include Only If Paper Has a Subtitle}

%\author[Author, Another] % (optional, use only with lots of authors)
%{F.~Author\inst{1} \and S.~Another\inst{2}}
% - Give the names in the same order as the appear in the paper.
% - Use the \inst{?} command only if the authors have different
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\author[Jeremi{\'c}] % (optional, use only with lots of authors)
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{Boris Jeremi{\'c}
}

%\institute[Computational Geomechanics Group \hspace*{0.3truecm}
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%{ Professor, University of California, Davis\\
{ University of California, Davis, CA}
% \\
% %  and\\
% %  Faculty Scientist, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley }
%   Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA}
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{\small 2nd IF-NFEES Forum\\
        Jul 2022}

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\section{Introduction}




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\subsection{Motivation}



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% 
%  %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%  \begin{frame}
%   \frametitle{OVERVIEW}
%  
%  
%  
%  Lecture 1 - Advanced numerical analysis of dams - Modeling:
%  
%  
%  ** Seismic wave fields:
%  
%  - Influence of realistic seismic wave fields on dynamic Soil Structure Interacting (SSI) behavior
%  
%  - Realistic three component (3C) seismic wave fields, including 3 translations and 3 rotations, free
%  field observations,
%   
%  -  Differences between 1C and 3C wave propagations
%  
%  ** Inelastic/nonlinear behavior of:
%  
%  - Rock and soil
%  
%   - Concrete dams: interfaces/joints/contacts, concrete materials,
%  
%  -  Earth dams: soil material, large deformations
%  
%  
%  
%  \end{frame}
%  %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
  


 

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{frame}
 \frametitle{Motivation}

\begin{itemize}



 

%\vspace*{0.3cm}
  \item[-]  Improve analysis and design for infrastructure
 

%\vspace*{1mm}
% \item[]  Expert numerical modeling and simulation tool
%% 
%% \vspace*{1mm}
%%   \item[]      Use of numerical models to
%%   analyze statics and dynamics of soil/rock-structure systems
%% 
%%  
%%  %%  \vspace*{1mm}
%%    \item[-]  Reduction  of modeling, epistemic  uncertainty
%%  
%%  %\vspace*{1mm}
%%  %  \item[]  Choice of analysis level of sophistication
%%  
%%  
%%  %%  \vspace*{1mm}
%%    \item[-] Propagation of parametric, aleatory uncertainty
%%  

\vspace*{2mm}
 \item[-] Credible numerical analysis
% 
  
%%  \vspace*{1mm}
\vspace*{2mm}
  \item[-] Predict and inform, Engineer needs to know!

%

%%  \vspace*{1mm}
\vspace*{2mm}
  \item[-] Design, build and maintain sustainable objects

%%  \vspace*{1mm}
\vspace*{2mm}
  \item[-] Civil engineering objects are important 

%%  \vspace*{1mm}
\vspace*{2mm}
  \item[-] Civil enginering analysis better than "rocket science"

%%  
%%  %%  \vspace*{1mm}
%%    \item[-] Engineer needs to know!
%%  
%%  

 
% 
%  %\vspace*{6mm}
%  %
%  \begin{figure}[!hbpt]
%  \begin{center}
%  %
%  \hspace*{-10mm}
%  %\includegraphics[width=1.3truecm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Conferences/2021/CU-Boulder-GEGM-seminar-series-02Apr2021/present/Saint_Sophia_Constantinopolis.jpg}
%  %\includegraphics[height=1.3truecm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Conferences/2022/USBR_V_and_V_Mar-Apr-May_2022/present/Lecture01_Modeling/Kuca_Bajina_Basta-Drina.jpg}
%  \includegraphics[height=1.1truecm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Conferences/2021/ASCE-4_Kennedy_Lecture/present/Four_Water_Wheels_Hama_Syria.jpg}
%  %%\hspace*{2mm}
%  \includegraphics[height=1.1truecm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Conferences/2021/ASCE-4_Kennedy_Lecture/present/Aya-Sofia_03_1990.jpg}
%  %\hspace*{2mm}
%  \includegraphics[height=1.1truecm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Conferences/2021/ASCE-4_Kennedy_Lecture/present/ZhaozhouBridge.jpg}
%  %\hspace*{2mm}
%  \includegraphics[height=1.1truecm]{/home/jeremic/tex/Classes/2022/Spring/ENG104/Presentation_Boris_Jeremic_interests_and_work/Ctesiphon_arch_Iraq.jpg}
%  %%\hspace*{2mm}
%  %\includegraphics[height=1.3truecm]{/home/jeremic/tex/Classes/2022/Spring/ENG104/Presentation_Boris_Jeremic_interests_and_work/Brooklyn_bridge.jpg}
%  %\hspace*{2mm}
%  \includegraphics[height=1.1truecm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Conferences/2022/USBR_V_and_V_Mar-Apr-May_2022/present/Lecture01_Modeling/Hoover_dam.jpg}
%  %\includegraphics[height=1.3truecm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Conferences/2022/USBR_V_and_V_Mar-Apr-May_2022/present/Lecture01_Modeling/Diablo_Canyon_NPP.jpg}
%  \hspace*{-10mm}
%  %
%  %\vspace*{3mm}
%  \end{center}
%  \end{figure}
%  %\vspace*{3mm
%  
%  


\end{itemize}

\end{frame}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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\begin{frame}
 \frametitle{Long Lasting Infrastructure}



\begin{itemize}
 

%\vspace*{0.3cm}
  \item[] 
 

\begin{figure}[!hbpt]
\begin{center}
%
%\hspace*{-10mm}
\includegraphics[height=2.8truecm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Conferences/2021/ASCE-4_Kennedy_Lecture/present/Aya-Sofia_03_1990.jpg}
%\includegraphics[height=2.8truecm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Conferences/2021/CU-Boulder-GEGM-seminar-series-02Apr2021/present/Saint_Sophia_Constantinopolis.jpg}
%\hfill
\hspace*{10mm}
\includegraphics[height=2.8truecm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Conferences/2021/ASCE-4_Kennedy_Lecture/present/ZhaozhouBridge.jpg}
\\
\vspace*{2mm}
\includegraphics[height=3.2truecm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Conferences/2021/ASCE-4_Kennedy_Lecture/present/Four_Water_Wheels_Hama_Syria.jpg}
%\hfill
\hspace*{10mm}
\includegraphics[height=3.2truecm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Conferences/2022/USBR_V_and_V_Mar-Apr-May_2022/present/Lecture01_Modeling/Hoover_dam.jpg}
%\hspace*{-10mm}
%
%\vspace*{3mm}
\end{center}
\end{figure}
%\vspace*{3mm

%
%  
%  

% 
% \includegraphics[width=1.3truecm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Conferences/2021/CU-Boulder-GEGM-seminar-series-02Apr2021/present/Saint_Sophia_Constantinopolis.jpg}
% \includegraphics[height=1.3truecm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Conferences/2022/USBR_V_and_V_Mar-Apr-May_2022/present/Lecture01_Modeling/Kuca_Bajina_Basta-Drina.jpg}
% \includegraphics[height=1.3truecm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Conferences/2021/ASCE-4_Kennedy_Lecture/present/Four_Water_Wheels_Hama_Syria.jpg}
% %%\hspace*{2mm}
% %\hspace*{2mm}
% 
% 


\end{itemize}

\end{frame}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
  






%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{frame}
 \frametitle{Prediction under Uncertainty}


\begin{itemize}




%\vspace*{1mm}
%  \item    \underline{Modeling, Epistemic Uncertainties}, 
  \item[-]    Modeling, Epistemic Uncertainties
  
      \begin{itemize}

\vspace*{1mm}
      \item[] Modeling simplifications

\vspace*{1mm}
      \item[] Low, medium, high  sophistication modeling and simulation

\vspace*{1mm}
      \item[] Modeling sophistication level for confidence in  results

\vspace*{1mm}
      \item[] Verification and Validation

    \end{itemize}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\vspace*{2mm}
%  \item   \underline{Parametric, Aleatory Uncertainties},  
  \item[-]  Parametric, Aleatory Uncertainties  

  \begin{itemize}

\vspace*{1mm}
    \item[] ${M}  \ddot{u_i}  +  {C}  \dot{u_i} + {K}^{ep} {u_i} = {F(t)}$ 

\vspace*{1mm}
    \item[] Uncertain: mass $M$, viscous damping  $C$ and stiffness $K^{ep}$


\vspace*{1mm}
    \item[] Uncertain loads, $F(t)$


\vspace*{1mm}
    \item[] Results are PDFs   and   CDFs  for  $\sigma_{ij}$,  $\epsilon_{ij}$,  $u_i$,  $\dot{u}_i$,  $\ddot{u}_i$

  \end{itemize}




\end{itemize}



% 
% 
% %Le doute n'est pas un {\'e}tat bien agr{\'e}able,\\ 
%        mais l'assurance est un {\'e}tat ridicule.  (Fran{\c c}ois-Marie Arouet, Voltaire)



\end{frame}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%


% 

 


%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{frame}
 \frametitle{Analysis Governance}

\begin{itemize}



 
%\vspace*{0.3cm}
  \item[-]  Numerical analysis is fragile
   

\vspace*{2mm}
  \item[-]  Engineer's competency and expertise
   
\vspace*{2mm}
  \item[-]  Model verification
   

\vspace*{2mm}
 \item[-] Solution verification, program-mathematics inaccuracies
% 


\vspace*{2mm}
 \item[-] Validation, program-physics inaccuracies 
% 


\end{itemize}
\end{frame}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
  





%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{frame}
 \frametitle{Engineer, Analyst}

\begin{itemize}



 
%\vspace*{0.3cm}
  \item[-] Sound engineering judgement
   

%\vspace*{1mm}
%  \item[-] From simple to sophisticated modeling
   

%\vspace*{2mm}
% \item[-] Simplified analysis 

% 
\vspace*{2mm}
 \item[-] Assess various analysis  sophistication levels

%  % 
%  \vspace*{2mm}
%   \item[-] Expert engineering analyst
%  
%  \vspace*{1mm}
%   \item[-] Credibility of developed models
%  % 
%  % 
%  % 
%  \vspace*{1mm}
%   \item[-] Confidence in and credibility of analysis results
%  % 
%  
\vspace*{2mm}
  \item[-] Engineer is in full control of the model and the analysis
   

\vspace*{2mm}
 \item[-] Engineer uses models to investigate designs

% 

\vspace*{2mm}
 \item[-] Confidence in all modeling choices 

\vspace*{2mm}
 \item[-] Confidence in all model components

\vspace*{2mm}
 \item[-] Confidence in all analysis results


\end{itemize}
\end{frame}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
  

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{frame}
 \frametitle{Expert Analyst, Engineer}



\begin{figure}[!h]
\begin{center}
%\vspace*{-2.5cm}
%\vspace*{-1.0cm}
%\hspace*{-1.5cm}
{\includegraphics[height=3.0cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Conferences/2022/IFNFEES02_01-02Jul2022/present/Hartford-Coliseum-failure-01.jpg}}
\hfill
{\includegraphics[height=3.0cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Conferences/2022/IFNFEES02_01-02Jul2022/present/Hartford-Coliseum-failure-03.jpg}}
\hfill
{\includegraphics[height=3.0cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Conferences/2022/IFNFEES02_01-02Jul2022/present/Hartford-Coliseum-failure-02.jpg}}
%\hspace*{-1.5cm}
%\vspace*{-1.5cm}
%\vspace*{-5.0cm}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

{\tiny Hartford Coliseum Collapse, 1978 (Martin and Delatte, ASCE-JPCF (2001))}

% \begin{itemize}
% 
%     
% 
% \end{itemize}

\end{frame}


%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%


%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{frame}
 \frametitle{Analysis Program}

\begin{itemize}



 

%\vspace*{0.3cm}
  \item[-] Hierarchy of model sophistication
%  \item[-] Hierarchy, levels of modeling capabilities
   

\vspace*{3mm}
 \item[-] Hierarchy of simulation/algorithmic capabilities

% 

\vspace*{3mm}
 \item[-] Full (!) Verification

\vspace*{3mm}
 \item[-] Extensive Validation


\vspace*{3mm}
 \item[-] Confidence in analysis results


\end{itemize}
\end{frame}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
  




%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%


%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{frame}
\frametitle{Under the Simulation Hood}



\begin{itemize}


\vspace*{3mm}
\item[-] Commercial programs benchmark examples

\vspace*{3mm}
\item[-] Commercial programs verification (?)

\vspace*{3mm}
\item[-] Surprises under the simulation hood

   
%  \vspace*{5mm}
\vspace*{5mm}
\begin{figure}[!htbp]
\begin{center}
% \includegraphics[width=5.00cm]{Figure-files/_Chapter_Verification_and_Validation_Introduction/VandV_under_the_hood_from-Oberkampf_NAFEMS_talk.jpg}
% \includegraphics[width=6.00cm]{Figure-files/_Chapter_Verification_and_Validation_Introduction/race_car_engine_under_hood.jpg}
% \includegraphics[width=6.00cm]{Figure-files/_Chapter_Verification_and_Validation_Introduction/Tesla_S_P85D_engine_under_hood.jpg}
 \includegraphics[height=2.50cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/lecture_notes_KUCA/Lecture-Notes/Figure-files/_Chapter_Verification_and_Validation_Introduction/race_car_engine_under_hood.jpg}
\hfill
 \includegraphics[height=2.50cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/lecture_notes_KUCA/Lecture-Notes/Figure-files/_Chapter_Verification_and_Validation_Introduction/Tesla_S_P85D_engine_under_hood.jpg}
\hfill
 \includegraphics[height=2.50cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/lecture_notes_KUCA/Lecture-Notes/Figure-files/_Chapter_Verification_and_Validation_Introduction/VandV_under_the_hood_from-Oberkampf_NAFEMS_talk.jpg}
%\caption{Under the Simulation Hood...}
\end{center}
\end{figure}







\end{itemize}







\end{frame}





%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{frame}
\frametitle{Commercial Programs}


Oberkampf and Trucano, SAND2007-0853 note:

\begin{itemize}


\vspace*{3mm}
\item[-] Commercial programs with large number of benchmark examples

\vspace*{3mm}
\item[-] Primary goal is to demonstrate "engineering accuracy"

\vspace*{3mm}
\item[-] However (!) verification should carefully quantify the numerical error in the solutions

\end{itemize}






\end{frame}


 

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% % \frametitle{Rocket Science and Aerospace Engineering}
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% \hfill                  
% \mbox{\tiny{(J. Fatemi, Airbus DS, 2021)}}     
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\subsection{Errors in Scientific/Engineering Software}



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\begin{frame}
 \frametitle{Analysis Program Errors}

\begin{itemize}



 

%%\vspace*{0.3cm}
%  \item[-] Engineering judgement!
%   

\vspace*{3mm}
 \item[-] Analysis Programs might  have feature/errors

\vspace*{3mm}
 \item[-] Analysis Program quality control/assurance/management

\vspace*{3mm}
 \item[-] Open-source programs without quality control are dangerous! 


%\vspace*{3mm}
% \item[-] Confidence in analysis results

\vspace*{3mm}
 \item[-] Fitting a curve does not mean that results are accurate 
         (2.0+2.0=4.0;\hspace*{3mm}   1.9+2.1=4.0; \hspace*{3mm}  2.51+1.51=4.02)


\end{itemize}
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\begin{frame}
 \frametitle{AIAA Editorial Policy}



       Editorial policy of the American Institute of
              Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA) Journal:
%
              The AIAA journals will not accept for publication
              any paper reporting:


\begin{itemize}


  \item[-]    Numerical solution of an engineering problem that fails adequately
          to address accuracy of the computer results, or



  \item[-]    Experimental results unless the accuracy of the data is adequately
           presented


\end{itemize}


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\begin{frame}
 \frametitle{The T Experiments}


\begin{itemize}

%   \vspace*{0.2truecm}
   \item[-]  Les  Hatton: The T experiments, Errors in scientific software. IEEE
   Computational Science and Engineering, 4(2):27-38, April-June 1997.


   \vspace*{1mm}
   \item[-] "Extensive tests showed that many software codes widely used in science
   and engineering are not as accurate as we would like to think."

   \vspace*{1mm}
   \item[-] "Better software engineering practices wold help solve this problem,"

   \vspace*{1mm}
   \item[-] "Realizing that the problem exists is an important first step."
   
   
   \vspace*{1mm}
   \item[-]  Large  experiment  over  4 years measuring faults (T1) and failures
   (T2) of scientific and engineering codes
   
   
   
    

\end{itemize}





\end{frame}


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\begin{frame}
 \frametitle{The T1 Experiments}


\begin{itemize}

%   \vspace*{0.2truecm}
   \item[-]  Measured defects without running the code, measuring
   formal consistency of 3,305,628 lines f77 and 1,928,011 lines of C 

%   \vspace*{0.2truecm}
   \item[-] 100 codes, 40 application areas:
   graphics, nuc. mech.  chem. aero. civil engineering, 
   comms, DBs, med. systems


%   \vspace*{0.2truecm}
   \item[-] Safety--critical and non--safety--critical codes

%   \vspace*{0.2truecm}
   \item[-] Applications with and without internationally
   standardized systems of quality control

%   \vspace*{0.2truecm}
   \item[-] Mature codes (1 - 20 years old), in regular use

   \item[-]    Some errors:  
        function call argument   sequence, 
        finite precision arithmetic misunderstanding, 
        code complexity

%   \item[-] Results indicate 



    

\end{itemize}





\end{frame}


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\begin{frame}
 \frametitle{T1: C Sources}




\begin{figure}[!h]
\begin{center}
\hspace*{-1.5cm}
{\includegraphics[width=12.0cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Conferences/2009/GheoMat/VandV_01/T1_01.jpg}}
\hspace*{-1.5cm}
%\vspace*{-5.0cm}
\end{center}
\end{figure}


% \begin{itemize}
% 
%     
% 
% \end{itemize}

\end{frame}


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\begin{frame}
 \frametitle{T1: f77 Sources}




\begin{figure}[!h]
\begin{center}
%\vspace*{-2.5cm}
\hspace*{-1.5cm}
{\includegraphics[width=10.0cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Conferences/2009/GheoMat/VandV_01/T1_02.jpg}}
\hspace*{-1.5cm}
%\vspace*{-5.0cm}
\end{center}
\end{figure}


% \begin{itemize}
% 
%     
% 
% \end{itemize}

\end{frame}


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\begin{frame}
 \frametitle{The T2 Experiments}






\begin{itemize}

\item[-] Application area: seismic inverse analysis

\vspace*{1mm}
\item[-] Echo sounding of underground 

\vspace*{1mm}
\item[-] Reconstruct "images" of subsurface geologic structure

\vspace*{1mm}
\item[-] Nine mature programs

\vspace*{1mm}
\item[-] Using the very same set of algorithms

\vspace*{1mm}
\item[-] Same input data set!

\vspace*{1mm}
\item[-] 14 primary calibration points for results check

\vspace*{1mm}
\item[-] Results "fascinating and disturbing"

    

\end{itemize}

\end{frame}


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\begin{frame}
 \frametitle{T2: Disagreement at Calibration Points}




\begin{figure}[!h]
\begin{center}
\hspace*{-1.5cm}
%\vspace*{-2.5cm}
{\includegraphics[width=9.0cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Conferences/2009/GheoMat/VandV_01/T2_01.jpg}}
\hspace*{-1.5cm}
%\vspace*{-5.0cm}
\end{center}
\end{figure}


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%     
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% \end{itemize}

\end{frame}


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\begin{frame}
 \frametitle{T2: Stage 14, Interpretation of Data  }




\begin{figure}[!h]
\begin{center}
%\vspace*{-2.5cm}
\vspace*{-1.0cm}
\hspace*{-1.5cm}
{\includegraphics[width=8.0cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Conferences/2009/GheoMat/VandV_01/T2_02.jpg}}
\hspace*{-1.5cm}
\vspace*{-1.5cm}
%\vspace*{-5.0cm}
\end{center}
\end{figure}


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\section{Engineering Analysis}







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\subsection{Analysis Phases}







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\begin{frame}
  \frametitle{Analysis  Modeling Phases}



\begin{figure}[htbp]
\begin{center}
  \includegraphics[width = 2.3cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/YuanFeng/Real_ESSI_short_course_examples_day_123/short_course_document/Figure-files/nonlinear_analysis_steps/soil-structure/overview.png}
\vspace*{-1mm}
\\
  \includegraphics[width = 0.35cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/YuanFeng/Real_ESSI_short_course_examples_day_123/short_course_document/Figure-files/nonlinear_analysis_steps/free_field_1D/DRM_1D_motion_3D_just_column.jpg}
\hspace*{5mm}
%  \includegraphics[width = 0.1cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/YuanFeng/Real_ESSI_short_course_examples_day_123/short_course_document/Figure-files/nonlinear_analysis_steps/free_field_1D/DRM1D_Motion3D.png}
  \includegraphics[width = 2.5cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/YuanFeng/Real_ESSI_short_course_examples_day_123/short_course_document/Figure-files/nonlinear_analysis_steps/free_field_3D/motion3D_DRM3D_free_field.png}
\hspace*{5mm}
%  \includegraphics[width = 1cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/YuanFeng/Real_ESSI_short_course_examples_day_123/short_course_document/Figure-files/nonlinear_analysis_steps/soil-foundation/soil_foundation.png}
%  \includegraphics[width = 3cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/YuanFeng/Real_ESSI_short_course_examples_day_123/short_course_document/Figure-files/nonlinear_analysis_steps/soil-foundation/slice.png}
  \includegraphics[width = 2.5cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/YuanFeng/Real_ESSI_short_course_examples_day_123/short_course_document/Figure-files/nonlinear_analysis_steps/soil-foundation/foundation_results.png}
%  \includegraphics[width = 3cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/YuanFeng/Real_ESSI_short_course_examples_day_123/short_course_document/Figure-files/nonlinear_analysis_steps/soil-structure/overview.png}
\\
\vspace*{-3mm}
  \includegraphics[width = 1.0cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/YuanFeng/Real_ESSI_short_course_examples_day_123/short_course_document/Figure-files/nonlinear_analysis_steps/structure/eigen/structure-only.png}
\hfill
  \includegraphics[width = 1.2cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/YuanFeng/Real_ESSI_short_course_examples_day_123/short_course_document/Figure-files/nonlinear_analysis_steps/structure/eigen/eigen1.png}
\hfill
  \includegraphics[width = 1.2cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/YuanFeng/Real_ESSI_short_course_examples_day_123/short_course_document/Figure-files/nonlinear_analysis_steps/structure/eigen/eigen2.png}
\hfill
  \includegraphics[width = 1.2cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/YuanFeng/Real_ESSI_short_course_examples_day_123/short_course_document/Figure-files/nonlinear_analysis_steps/structure/eigen/eigen3.png}
\hfill
  \includegraphics[width = 1.2cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/YuanFeng/Real_ESSI_short_course_examples_day_123/short_course_document/Figure-files/nonlinear_analysis_steps/structure/eigen/eigen4.png}
\hfill
  \includegraphics[width = 1.2cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/YuanFeng/Real_ESSI_short_course_examples_day_123/short_course_document/Figure-files/nonlinear_analysis_steps/structure/eigen/eigen5.png}
\hfill
  \includegraphics[width = 1.2cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/YuanFeng/Real_ESSI_short_course_examples_day_123/short_course_document/Figure-files/nonlinear_analysis_steps/structure/eigen/eigen6.png}
\hfill
%  \includegraphics[width = 1.0cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/YuanFeng/Real_ESSI_short_course_examples_day_123/short_course_document/Figure-files/nonlinear_analysis_steps/structure/imposed_motion/structure-only.png}
%\hfill
  \includegraphics[width = 1.2cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/YuanFeng/Real_ESSI_short_course_examples_day_123/short_course_document/Figure-files/nonlinear_analysis_steps/structure/imposed_motion/imposed_motion_results.png}
%   \includegraphics[width = 0.1cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/YuanFeng/Real_ESSI_short_course_examples_day_123/short_course_document/Figure-files/nonlinear_analysis_steps/soil-structure/overview.png}
\\
\vspace*{-1mm}
  \includegraphics[width = 6cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/YuanFeng/Real_ESSI_short_course_examples_day_123/short_course_document/Figure-files/nonlinear_analysis_steps/soil-structure/DRM3D_motion3D_structure.png}
\end{center}
\end{figure}



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  \begin{itemize}
    \item[-] Account for all model physical components
\vspace*{1mm}
    \item[-] Solids, structures and fluids
\vspace*{1mm}
    \item[-] Elastic, inelastic materials 
\vspace*{1mm}
    \item[-] Static loads
\vspace*{1mm}
    \item[-] Dynamic loads
\vspace*{1mm}
    \item[-] Response quantities
\vspace*{1mm}
    \item[-] Engineer/Analyst builds confidence in analysis
\vspace*{1mm}
    \item[-] No surprises and no "reliance" on good luck!
\end{itemize}



\vspace*{-50mm}
\begin{figure}[htbp]
\begin{flushright}
\includegraphics[width = 4.0cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/YuanFeng/Real_ESSI_short_course_examples_day_123/short_course_document/Figure-files/nonlinear_analysis_steps/soil-structure/overview.png}
%\\
%\includegraphics[width=5.0truecm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Reports/2019/Pine_Flats_Dam_USSD/USSD_Dam_Report_2019/Figures/Model_Mesh_No_Reservior.pdf}
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\vspace*{10mm}
  \begin{itemize}
    \item[-] 1D, 1C free field response
\vspace*{1mm}
    \item[-] Linear elastic material
\vspace*{1mm}
    \item[-] Inelastic material
\end{itemize}



\vspace*{-35mm}
\begin{figure}[htbp]
\begin{flushright}
  \includegraphics[width = 0.80cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/YuanFeng/Real_ESSI_short_course_examples_day_123/short_course_document/Figure-files/nonlinear_analysis_steps/free_field_1D/DRM_1D_motion_3D_just_column.jpg}
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\vspace*{10mm}
  \begin{itemize}
    \item[-] 3D, 1C free field response 
\vspace*{1mm}
    \item[-] Linear elastic material
\vspace*{1mm}
    \item[-] Inelastic material
\end{itemize}



\vspace*{-25mm}
\begin{figure}[htbp]
\begin{flushright}
  \includegraphics[width = 4.5cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/YuanFeng/Real_ESSI_short_course_examples_day_123/short_course_document/Figure-files/nonlinear_analysis_steps/free_field_3D/motion3D_DRM3D_free_field.png}
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\vspace*{10mm}
  \begin{itemize}
    \item[-] 3D, 1C, part of SSI response
    \item[-] 3D, 1C, add \\
          ~~~~ SSI components
    \item[-] Linear elastic material
    \item[-] Inelastic material
\end{itemize}



\vspace*{-25mm}
\begin{figure}[htbp]
\begin{flushright}
  \includegraphics[width = 4.5cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/YuanFeng/Real_ESSI_short_course_examples_day_123/short_course_document/Figure-files/nonlinear_analysis_steps/soil-foundation/foundation_results.png}
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  \begin{itemize}
%    \item[-] Structure model alone
    \item[-] Eigenvalue analysis
\end{itemize}



%\vspace*{-45mm}
\begin{figure}[htbp]
\begin{flushright}
\vspace*{-3mm}
%  \includegraphics[width = 1.0cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/YuanFeng/Real_ESSI_short_course_examples_day_123/short_course_document/Figure-files/nonlinear_analysis_steps/structure/eigen/structure-only.png}
%\hfill
  \includegraphics[width = 1.2cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/YuanFeng/Real_ESSI_short_course_examples_day_123/short_course_document/Figure-files/nonlinear_analysis_steps/structure/eigen/eigen1.png}
\hfill
  \includegraphics[width = 1.2cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/YuanFeng/Real_ESSI_short_course_examples_day_123/short_course_document/Figure-files/nonlinear_analysis_steps/structure/eigen/eigen2.png}
\hfill
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\hfill
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\hfill
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\hfill
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\hfill
%  \includegraphics[width = 1.0cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/YuanFeng/Real_ESSI_short_course_examples_day_123/short_course_document/Figure-files/nonlinear_analysis_steps/structure/imposed_motion/structure-only.png}
%\hfill
\end{flushright}
\end{figure}



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%   \frametitle{ESSI  Modeling Phases}
% 
%   \begin{itemize}
% %    \item[-] Structure model alone
%     \item[-] Eigenvalue analysis
% \end{itemize}
% 
% 
% 
% \vspace*{-5mm}
% \begin{figure}[htbp]
% \begin{flushright}
% {\includegraphics[width=4.5cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Reports/2019/Pine_Flats_Dam_USSD/USSD_Dam_Report_2019/Figures/mode1.pdf}}
% \hfill
% {\includegraphics[width=4.5cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Reports/2019/Pine_Flats_Dam_USSD/USSD_Dam_Report_2019/Figures/mode2.pdf}}
% \\
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% {\includegraphics[width=4.5cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Reports/2019/Pine_Flats_Dam_USSD/USSD_Dam_Report_2019/Figures/mode3.pdf}}
% \hfill
% {\includegraphics[width=4.5cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Reports/2019/Pine_Flats_Dam_USSD/USSD_Dam_Report_2019/Figures/mode4.pdf}}
% \\
% \vspace*{-5mm}
% {\includegraphics[width=4.5cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Reports/2019/Pine_Flats_Dam_USSD/USSD_Dam_Report_2019/Figures/mode5.pdf}}
% \hfill
% {\includegraphics[width=4.5cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Reports/2019/Pine_Flats_Dam_USSD/USSD_Dam_Report_2019/Figures/mode6.pdf}}
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\begin{frame}
  \frametitle{ESSI  Modeling Phases}



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\begin{itemize}
  \item[-] Synthesis: full ESSI model
\end{itemize}



%\vspace*{-45mm}
\begin{figure}[htbp]
\begin{center}
  \includegraphics[width=5cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/YuanFeng/Real_ESSI_short_course_examples_day_123/short_course_document/Figure-files/nonlinear_analysis_steps/soil-structure/DRM3D_motion3D_structure.png}
%   \hfill
%   \includegraphics[width=5cm]{/home/jeremic/public_html/lecture_notes_online_material/_Chapter_Applications_Concrete_Dams/Pine_Flat_Dam/soil_fluid_interaction_dam.jpg}
\end{center}
\end{figure}



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\frametitle{Nonlinear Modeling, Loading Stages}

 
%\vspace*{-60mm}
%\begin{figure}[!hbpt]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=3.5cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/lecture_notes_SOKOCALO/Figure-files/_Chapter_Theory_Introduction/tex_works_psfigures_loading_stage-increments-iterations.pdf}
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\frametitle{Small Deformation Theory!}







\vspace*{-3cm}
\begin{figure}[!h]
\begin{center}
{\includegraphics[width=6.0cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Proposals/1999/LDGeomechanics/Error_ps.pdf}}
\end{center}
\end{figure}
\vspace*{-3cm}


\begin{eqnarray*}
\mbox{Real deformation:} \; E_{ij} &=& \frac{1}{2} \left( u_{i,j} + u_{j,i} + u_{i,k}u_{k,j}\right)
\\
\mbox{Small deformation:} \; \epsilon_{ij}&=&\frac{1}{2} ( u_{i,j} + u_{j,i})
\label{E01}
\end{eqnarray*}



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\begin{frame}
%\frametitle{Equivalent Linear Models, from UN-IAEA TECDOC}
\frametitle{Equivalent Linear Soil Modeling}


\begin{figure}[!hbpt]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=5.6truecm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Conferences/2017/Slovenia_IAEA_short_course/present/SSI-Site_Response_Analysis/Soil_strain_thresholds.jpg}
\\
\includegraphics[width=7truecm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Conferences/2017/Slovenia_IAEA_short_course/present/SSI-Site_Response_Analysis/Soil_strain_thresholds_table.jpg}
\end{center}
\end{figure}


\vspace*{-3mm}
%{\tiny Pecker, Johnson, Jeremi{\'c}. Seismic Soil Structure Interaction for Design and Assessment of Nuclear Installations.
\noindent
{\tiny (Pecker,  Johnson,  Jeremi{\'c}.  Seismic  Soil Structure Interaction for
Design and Assessment of Nuclear Installations.
\\
\vspace*{-2mm}
ISBN-978-92-0-143021-2, UN-IAEA-TECDOC-1990, 2022)}


\end{frame}

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\begin{frame}
 \frametitle{Quality Assurance: Verification and Validation}
\begin{itemize}
    
    



     \item[-]  {{  Verification:}  provides  evidence  that  the  model is solved
     correctly,} Mathematics issue.  
%     Well developed 
%     for the Real ESSI Simulator.

\vspace*{4mm}
     \item[-]  {{  Validation:}  provides  evidence  that  the  correct  model is
     solved,} Physics issue. 
%     Work in progress.
        
\vspace*{4mm}
   \item[-] {  Prediction:}  use  of  computational  model
   to  foretell  the  state  of  a  physical  system  under  consideration under
   conditions for which the computational model has not been validated.
  
%   \item[-] {  Prediction under Uncertainty}:  use  of  computational  model
%   to  predict  the  state  of SSI system under
%   conditions for which the computational model has not been validated.
% 
% 
%   
% \vspace*{1mm}
%    \item[-]  Modeling  and  parametric uncertainties are always present, need to be
%    addressed 
% 
% %\vspace*{1mm}
% %   \item[-] Predictive capabilities with {low Kolmogorov Complexity}
% %
% 
% \vspace*{1mm}
%      \item[-] Goal: Predict and Inform and rather than (force) Fit
% 
% 



\end{itemize}
\end{frame}




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\begin{frame}
 \frametitle{Role of Verification and Validation}



\begin{figure}[!h]
\begin{center}
\hspace*{-2cm}
%{\includegraphics[width=5.0cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Conferences/2012/ASME_V_and_V_symposium/presentetation/RoleVV_NEW_knowledge.pdf}}
{\includegraphics[width=6.0cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Conferences/2013/NRC_Short_Course_May2013/Present/Present06_figs/RoleVV_NEW_knowledge.pdf}}
%{\includegraphics[width=6.5cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Conferences/2011/USNCCM11_Minneapolis/Coupled/Present/VandV_ODEN.jpg}}
%{\includegraphics[width=6.5cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Conferences/2013/NRC_Short_Course_May2013/Present/Present06_figs/VandV_ODEN.jpg}}
\hspace*{-2cm}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

{Oberkampf et al.}
%
%\item[-] Models available (some now, some later)
%\vspace*{-2.0cm}

%
%\item[-] Models available (some now, some later)
%\vspace*{-2.0cm}
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\begin{frame}
 \frametitle{Role of Verification and Validation}



\begin{figure}[!h]
\begin{center}
\hspace*{-2cm}
%{\includegraphics[width=5.0cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Conferences/2012/ASME_V_and_V_symposium/presentetation/RoleVV_NEW_knowledge.pdf}}
%{\includegraphics[width=5.0cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Conferences/2013/NRC_Short_Course_May2013/Present/Present06_figs/RoleVV_NEW_knowledge.pdf}}
%{\includegraphics[width=6.5cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Conferences/2011/USNCCM11_Minneapolis/Coupled/Present/VandV_ODEN.jpg}}
{\includegraphics[width=8.5cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Conferences/2013/NRC_Short_Course_May2013/Present/Present06_figs/VandV_ODEN.jpg}}
\hspace*{-2cm}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

{Oden et al.}
%
%\item[-] Models available (some now, some later)
%\vspace*{-2.0cm}

%
%\item[-] Models available (some now, some later)
%\vspace*{-2.0cm}
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\subsection{Verification}

% stavi verifikaciju za el-pl, i stavi eksperimente za
% nelinearno ponasajne tla i stene
% PAZI OVO je MODEL VERIFICATION



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% %\hspace*{-10mm}
%      \includegraphics[width=3.4cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/HanYang/Files_Energy_dissipation_01Dec2017/case_plasticity.pdf}
%      \includegraphics[width=3.4cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/HanYang/Files_Energy_dissipation_01Dec2017/case_Rayleigh.pdf}
%      \includegraphics[width=3.4cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/HanYang/Files_Energy_dissipation_01Dec2017/case_Newmark.pdf}
% \end{figure}
% 
% 
% % \hspace*{10mm} Numerical  \hspace*{20mm}  Viscous  \hspace*{20mm} Plasticity 
%  \hspace*{10mm} Plasticity \hspace*{20mm}  Viscous  \hspace*{20mm} Numerical
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% \begin{frame}
%   \frametitle{Fundamentals of Verification and Validation}
% 
% 
% 
% %--
% 
% 
% \begin{figure}[!h]
% % \vspace*{-0.5cm}
% \hspace*{-8mm}
% %\begin{center}
% %{\includegraphics[width=11cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Conferences/2005/OpenSeesWorkshopAugust/DeveloperSymposium/VerifValidFund01.pdf}}
% {\includegraphics[width=12cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Conferences/2013/NRC_Short_Course_May2013/Present/Present06_figs/VerifValidFund01.pdf}}
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\begin{frame}
 \frametitle{Code Verification}

\begin{itemize}

\vspace*{5mm}
\item[-]   Process of determining
that the numerical algorithms are correctly implemented in
the computer code and that these algorithms are functioning
as intended (ASME V\&V 10)
  \begin{itemize}
    \item[] Highly accurate analytical solutions needed
    \item[] Method of manufactured solutions 
    \item[] Simple physics, simple BC, mesh refinment
    \item[] Tested features are uncoupled from other code options 
  \end{itemize}

%\vspace*{5mm}
%\item[-]   Solution verification



\end{itemize}

\end{frame}




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\begin{frame}
 \frametitle{Solution Verification}

\begin{itemize}

%OVDE


\item[-]   Numerical error estimation, using methods
          different accuracy methods
  \begin{itemize}
    \item[] Richardson extrapolation
    \item[] Recovery methods
    \item[] Sensitivities 
%    \item[] 
  \end{itemize}



\end{itemize}

\end{frame}






% OVDE

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\begin{frame}
 \frametitle{Verification}

\begin{itemize}



\item[-]  Constitutive integration
\item[-]   Static and dynamic behavior of single phase solids
\item[-]       Static  and dynamic behavior of fully and partially saturated, fully
coupled, porous solid-pore fluid problems
\item[-]   Static and dynamic behavior of structural elements
\item[-]            Static    and    dynamic    behavior    of   special   elements
(contacts-interface/gap-frictional/dry-saturated, isolators/dissipators)
\item[-]   Static and dynamic FEM solution advancement
\item[-]   Seismic wave propagation problems
%\item[-] FEM Model verification, hierarchy of models
%\item[-]   Static and Dynamic Behavior of Soil-Structure-Interaction

\end{itemize}

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\begin{frame}
 \frametitle{Constitutive Integration Verification}


\begin{itemize}

  \item[-] Asymptotic regime of convergence

  \item[-] Richardson extrapolation

  \item[-] Grid convergence index

\end{itemize}


 \begin{center}
 \begin{figure}[!htbp]
\vspace*{-1mm}
 \includegraphics[width=4.8cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/YuanFeng/Files_18Aug2017/V_V_slides_SMiRT/Figure-files/asymptotic_regime.pdf}
 \includegraphics[width=3.3truecm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/YuanFeng/Files_18Aug2017/V_V_slides_SMiRT/Figure-files/asymptotic_nonassociate.pdf}
\\
 \includegraphics[width=3.0truecm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/YuanFeng/Files_18Aug2017/V_V_slides_SMiRT/Figure-files/error-map/DPAF_implicitErrMap.pdf}
 \includegraphics[width=3cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/YuanFeng/Files_18Aug2017/V_V_slides_SMiRT/Figure-files/GCI/NonAssociate.pdf}
\vspace*{-3mm}
 \end{figure}
 \end{center}








\end{frame}




% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{frame}
 
\frametitle{Plastic Energy Dissipation}


\vspace*{2mm}
 
 Single elastic-plastic element under cyclic shear loading
 
\begin{itemize}
\item[] Difference between plastic work and plastic dissipation
\item[] Plastic work can decrease
\item[] Plastic dissipation always increases
\end{itemize}
 
%\vspace*{-7mm}
\begin{figure}[!hbpt]
\begin{center}
\hspace*{-5mm}
\includegraphics[width=11.0truecm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/HanYang/Files_06June2017/DOE_Annual_2017/Figures/Dissipation_Material.png}
\end{center}
\end{figure}
  
\end{frame}
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% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% \begin{frame}
%  
% \frametitle{Energy Dissipation Verification: \\ Plastic Work $\neq$ Plastic Dissipation}
%  
% %\begin{itemize}
% %\item[-] Negative incremental energy dissipation
% %\item[-] Plastic work is NOT plastic dissipation
% %\end{itemize}
%  
% \begin{figure}[!H]
% \begin{center}
% \includegraphics[height=4.5cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/HanYang/Files_06June2017/DOE_Annual_2017/Figures/Negative_Dissipation_Problem.png}
% \end{center}
% \end{figure}
%  
%  \vspace*{-2mm}
% \begin{itemize}
% 
% \item[] Direct violation of the second law of thermodynamics
% 
% %\vspace*{3mm}
% \item[] 600 papers since 1990 (!?!) repeat this error
% 
% % \vspace*{3mm}
% % \item[] Important form of energy missing: {Plastic Free Energy}
% % 
% % \vspace*{3mm}
% % \item[] First described by Taylor and Quinney in 1934! 
% % 
% % \vspace*{3mm}
% % \item[] Plastic Work vs. {Plastic Energy Dissipation}
% 
% 
% %\vspace*{4mm}
% %\item[] However it seems to be forgotten
% 
% \end{itemize}
% 
% 
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%\subsection{Finite Element Algorithms}
% 
%




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% \frametitle{Verification: Interface/Joint/Contact, Axial Loading}
% 
%  \begin{center}
% % \includegraphics[width=0.6\textwidth]{./_Jose_Files/fig1_static_tests.pdf}
% %\hspace*{-10mm}
%  \includegraphics[height=3cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/lecture_notes_SOKOCALO/Figure-files/_Chapter_Verification_and_Validation_for_Static_and_Dynamic_Behavior_of_Special_Elements/Contact_Element_MM_hex8_u_1EL_normal.pdf}
% \hfill
%  \includegraphics[height=4cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/lecture_notes_SOKOCALO/Figure-files/_Chapter_Verification_and_Validation_for_Static_and_Dynamic_Behavior_of_Special_Elements/Contact_Element_MM_hex8_u_1EL_normal_results.pdf}
% %
% %\hspace*{-10mm}
% \end{center}
% 
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% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% \begin{frame}
% \frametitle{Verification: Interface/Joint/Contact, Shear Loading}
% 
%  \begin{center}
% % \includegraphics[width=0.6\textwidth]{./_Jose_Files/fig1_static_tests.pdf}
% %\hspace*{-10mm}
%  \includegraphics[height=2.8cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/lecture_notes_SOKOCALO/Figure-files/_Chapter_Verification_and_Validation_for_Static_and_Dynamic_Behavior_of_Special_Elements/Contact_Element_MM_hex8_u_1EL_shear.pdf}
% \hfill
%  \includegraphics[height=4.4cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/lecture_notes_SOKOCALO/Figure-files/_Chapter_Verification_and_Validation_for_Static_and_Dynamic_Behavior_of_Special_Elements/Contact_Element_MM_hex8_u_1EL_shear_results.pdf}
% %
% %\hspace*{-10mm}
% \end{center}
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% \begin{frame}
% \frametitle{Verification: ANDES Shell}
% 
%  \begin{center}
% % \includegraphics[width=0.6\textwidth]{./_Jose_Files/fig1_static_tests.pdf}
% \hspace*{-10mm}
%  \includegraphics[width=5cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Conferences/2013/NRC_Short_Course_May2013/Present/Present06_figs/fig1_static_tests.pdf}
% % \includegraphics[width=0.6\textwidth]{./_Jose_Files/fig2_static_tests.pdf}
%  \includegraphics[width=5cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Conferences/2013/NRC_Short_Course_May2013/Present/Present06_figs/fig2_static_tests.pdf}
% \hspace*{-10mm}
% \end{center}
% 
% \begin{flushleft}
%     \begin{tabular}{|l|l|}
%     \hline
%  $N_{\texttt{subd}}$   &      $u_z$ \\ \hline
%      2 &  96.2118 \\
%      7 & 100.096 \\
%    101 & 100.002 \\
%        &            \\ \hline
%     \end{tabular}
% \end{flushleft}
% 
% 
% \vspace*{-30mm}
% 
%  \begin{flushright}
% % \includegraphics[width=0.9\textwidth]{./_Jose_Files/Test_shell_andes_1_free_vibration_EigenMode1.png}
% %\hspace*{-10mm}
%  \includegraphics[width=5cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Conferences/2013/NRC_Short_Course_May2013/Present/Present06_figs/Test_shell_andes_1_free_vibration_EigenMode1.png}
%  \\
% \vspace*{-8mm}
%  \includegraphics[width=5cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Conferences/2013/NRC_Short_Course_May2013/Present/Present06_figs/Test_shell_andes_2_free_vibration_EigenMode1.png}
% \hspace*{-10mm}
% \end{flushright}
% 
% \end{frame}
% 
% 
% 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

\begin{frame}
 \frametitle{Verification: Irregular Solids and Poisson's Ratio}


% \begin{itemize}
%  \item[-] Irregular Mesh
%  \item[-] Mesh Refinement
% \end{itemize}

 \begin{figure}
%  \hspace*{-25mm}
%  \includegraphics[width=5.5cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/YuanFeng/Files_18Aug2017/V_V_slides_SMiRT/Figure-files/beam/beam_8brick.pdf}
% % \hspace*{-25mm}
% % \includegraphics[width=5.5cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/YuanFeng/Files_18Aug2017/V_V_slides_SMiRT/Figure-files/beam/beam_8brick_more_2.pdf}
 \hspace*{-25mm}
 \includegraphics[width=6.5cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/YuanFeng/Files_18Aug2017/V_V_slides_SMiRT/Figure-files/beam/beam_brick27_shape1_vertical.pdf}
 \hspace*{-35mm}
 \includegraphics[width=6.5cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/YuanFeng/Files_18Aug2017/V_V_slides_SMiRT/Figure-files/beam/beam_brick27_shape2_vertical.pdf}
 \hspace*{-35mm}
 \includegraphics[width=6.5cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/YuanFeng/Files_18Aug2017/V_V_slides_SMiRT/Figure-files/beam/beam_brick27_shape3_vertical.pdf}
 \hspace*{-25mm}
 \end{figure}


 \vspace*{-6mm}

\begin{figure}
\includegraphics[width=8cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/YuanFeng/Files_18Aug2017/V_V_slides_SMiRT/Figure-files/beam/irregular_shape.png}
\end{figure}

% \begin{itemize}
%  \item[-] Verification Results of High Poisson's ratios
% \end{itemize}

 \vspace*{-5mm}

\begin{figure}
\hspace*{-9mm}
\includegraphics[width=4.0cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/YuanFeng/Files_18Aug2017/V_V_slides_SMiRT/Figure-files/beam/error27brick_beam_different_poisson_ratio_disp_div100.jpeg}
\hspace*{3mm}
\includegraphics[width=4.0cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/YuanFeng/Files_18Aug2017/V_V_slides_SMiRT/Figure-files/beam/high_poisson.png}
\end{figure}


\end{frame}


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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{frame}
 \frametitle{Verification of Solid Shell/Plate}


\begin{figure}
\hspace*{-9mm}
\includegraphics[width=3cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/YuanFeng/Files_18Aug2017/V_V_slides_SMiRT/Figure-files/beam/circular_plate1.pdf}
\hspace*{-5mm}
\includegraphics[width=3cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/YuanFeng/Files_18Aug2017/V_V_slides_SMiRT/Figure-files/beam/circular_plate3.pdf}
\hspace*{-5mm}
\includegraphics[width=3cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/YuanFeng/Files_18Aug2017/V_V_slides_SMiRT/Figure-files/beam/circular_plate4.pdf}
\hspace*{-5mm}
\includegraphics[width=3cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/YuanFeng/Files_18Aug2017/V_V_slides_SMiRT/Figure-files/beam/circular_plate6.pdf}
\hspace*{-9mm}
\end{figure}

\vspace*{-2mm}

\begin{itemize}
 \item[-] Simply supported and clamped ends
 \item[-] Timoshenko's analytic solutions 
\end{itemize}



\vspace*{-3mm}

\begin{figure}
\hspace*{-2mm}
\includegraphics[width=3.5cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/YuanFeng/Files_18Aug2017/V_V_slides_SMiRT/Figure-files/beam/plate_error_plot.jpeg}
\hspace*{3mm}
\includegraphics[width=3.5cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/YuanFeng/Files_18Aug2017/V_V_slides_SMiRT/Figure-files/beam/plate_error_plot_clamped.jpeg}
\end{figure}


\end{frame}

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\begin{frame}
\frametitle{Verification of Boussinesq Problem}


\begin{figure}
\hspace*{-9mm}
\includegraphics[width=5cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/YuanFeng/Files_18Aug2017/V_V_slides_SMiRT/Figure-files/boussinesq/point_load_on_half_space.png}
\hspace*{3mm}
\includegraphics[width=2.5cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/YuanFeng/Files_18Aug2017/V_V_slides_SMiRT/Figure-files/boussinesq/model3Dview.JPG}
\end{figure}


\vspace*{-3mm}


\begin{figure}
\hspace*{-9mm}
\includegraphics[width=4.5cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/YuanFeng/Files_18Aug2017/V_V_slides_SMiRT/Figure-files/boussinesq/Boussinesq-8NodeBrick.jpeg}
\hspace*{5mm}
\includegraphics[width=4.5cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/YuanFeng/Files_18Aug2017/V_V_slides_SMiRT/Figure-files/boussinesq/Boussinesq-27NodeBrick.jpeg}
\end{figure}


\end{frame}




 
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\begin{frame}
\frametitle{Wave Propagation, Mesh Size Effects}
\begin{center}
\begin{figure}
 \includegraphics[scale=0.40]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Conferences/2013/NRC_Short_Course_May2013/Present/Present03_img/Vs1000_15Hz_20m.eps}
\end{figure}
{\small (Case 1, Vs = 1000 m/s, Cutoff Fq. = 15 Hz, E. Size = 20 m)}
\end{center}
\end{frame}


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% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% \begin{frame}
% \frametitle{Verification for Fully Coupled u-p-U Problems}
% 
% 
% \begin{figure}
% \hspace*{-9mm}
% \includegraphics[width=8cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Papers/2011/Verification_Coupled_Systems/FIGS/Gajo_comp.pdf}
% \end{figure}
% 
% 
% \end{frame}


       
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{frame}
 \frametitle{Verification for Fully Coupled Problems}


%\begin{flushright}
\begin{figure}[!htbp]
%\vspace*{-3.5cm}
\begin{center}
\hspace*{-1cm}
\includegraphics[width=12cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Conferences/2009/GheoMat/VandV_01/u-p-U_VandV_02.jpg}
\hspace*{-1cm}
\end{center}
\end{figure}
%\end{flushright}
%--   
%--   

%
%\item[-] Models available (some now, some later) 
%\vspace*{-2.0cm}
\end{frame}
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\begin{frame}
 \frametitle{Dynamic Time Stepping Verification}

%\footnotesize
%Based  on  the  amplification  matrix ${\bf A}$,  to  calculate the analytical solution of
%damping ratios and period shift.

Hilber-Hughes-Taylor $\alpha=-0.2$
%
%HHT Integration $\alpha=-0.2$
\begin{figure}
\includegraphics[width=5.0cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/YuanFeng/Files_18Aug2017/V_V_slides_SMiRT/Figure-files/dynamic/hht/HHT-alpha-02-xi.jpg}
\includegraphics[width=5.0cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/YuanFeng/Files_18Aug2017/V_V_slides_SMiRT/Figure-files/dynamic/hht/HHT-alpha-02-period-shift.jpg}
\end{figure}


\end{frame}










% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% 
% 
% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% \begin{frame}
% \frametitle{Analytic Seismic Motions}
% 
% 
% %\vspace*{-10mm}  
% 
% \begin{itemize}
% 
% \item[-] Variation in  inclination, frequency, energy, duration...
% 
% \item[-] Analytic solutions available for free field, layer media, plane inclined waves
% 
% \begin{itemize}
% 
% \item[-] William T Thomson. Transmission of elastic waves through a stratified solid medium. Journal of Applied
% Physics, 21(2):89-93, 1950.
% 
% \item[-] Norman A Haskell. The dispersion of surface waves on multilayered media. Bulletin of the Seismological Society
% of America, 43(1):17-34, 1953.
% 
% \item[-]  Hexiang Wang, Han Yang, Yuan Feng, and Boris Jeremi{\' c}. Modeling and
% simulation of earthquake soil structure interaction excited by inclined seismic
% waves. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 146:106720, 2021.
% 
% \end{itemize}
% 
% \end{itemize}
% 
% 
% \vspace*{10mm}  
% 
% 
% 
% % %\vspace*{-4mm}  
% % \begin{figure}[!htb]
% % \begin{flushleft}
% % \hspace*{-5mm}
% % \includegraphics[width=5cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Conferences/2018/BestPSHANI/Presentation/stress_test_Best_SHANI_May2018.jpg}
% % \end{flushleft}
% % \end{figure}
% 
% 
% %  
% %  \vspace*{-5mm}  
% %  \begin{figure}[!htb]
% %  \begin{center}
% %  \includegraphics[width=6cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Conferences/2015/CNSC_July/Present/Stress_test_NPP_idea.jpg}
% %  %\hspace*{-5mm}
% %  \end{center}
% %  \end{figure}
% %  
% 
% % \hspace*{10mm}  
% % \vspace*{-35mm}  
% % \begin{figure}[!htb]
% % \begin{flushright}
% % \includegraphics[width=6cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/consulting/2017/IAEA/TECDOC/Version_14Mar2017/1Dvs3x1Dvs3D_waves.pdf}
% % \hspace*{-5mm}
% % \end{flushright}
% % \end{figure}
% % 
% 
% 
% 
% \end{frame}
% 





%   

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\begin{frame}

\frametitle{Free Field, Variation in Input Frequency, $\theta = 60^{o}$}

% Elastoplastic soil with contact elements
%% Both solid and contact elements dissipate energy

     
% \vspace*{-5mm}
\begin{center}
% \hspace*{-15mm}
%\movie[label=show3,width=10cm,poster,autostart,showcontrols]
\movie[label=show3,width=10cm,poster,showcontrols]
{\includegraphics[width=10cm]
{/home/jeremic/public_html/lecture_notes_online_material/_Chapter_Applications_ESSI_for_NPPs/Free_Field_animations_angle_or_frequency_variation/Free_Field_variation_in_wave_frequency.jpg}}
{/home/jeremic/public_html/lecture_notes_online_material/_Chapter_Applications_ESSI_for_NPPs/Free_Field_animations_angle_or_frequency_variation/free_field_frequency.mp4}
\end{center}
        
% online   
\vspace*{-12mm}
\begin{flushleft}
\hspace*{-4mm}
\href{http://sokocalo.engr.ucdavis.edu/~jeremic/lecture_notes_online_material/_Chapter_Applications_ESSI_for_NPPs/Free_Field_animations_angle_or_frequency_variation/free_field_frequency.mp4}
  {\tiny (MP4)}
\end{flushleft}
% online  
   

\end{frame}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%


%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{frame}

\frametitle{Free Field, Variation in Input Wave Angle,  $f = 5$Hz}

% Elastoplastic soil with contact elements
%% Both solid and contact elements dissipate energy

     
% \vspace*{-5mm}
\begin{center}
% \hspace*{-15mm}
%\movie[label=show3,width=10cm,poster,autostart,showcontrols]
\movie[label=show3,width=10cm,poster,showcontrols]
{\includegraphics[width=10cm]
{/home/jeremic/public_html/lecture_notes_online_material/_Chapter_Applications_ESSI_for_NPPs/Free_Field_animations_angle_or_frequency_variation/Free_Field_variation_in_wave_angle.jpg}}
{/home/jeremic/public_html/lecture_notes_online_material/_Chapter_Applications_ESSI_for_NPPs/Free_Field_animations_angle_or_frequency_variation/free_field_inclination.mp4}
\end{center}
        
% online   
\vspace*{-12mm}
\begin{flushleft}
\hspace*{-4mm}
\href{http://sokocalo.engr.ucdavis.edu/~jeremic/lecture_notes_online_material/_Chapter_Applications_ESSI_for_NPPs/Free_Field_animations_angle_or_frequency_variation/free_field_inclination.mp4}
  {\tiny (MP4)}
\end{flushleft}
% online  
   

\end{frame}

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%  
%  
%  
%  %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%  %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% 
% \begin{frame}
%  \frametitle{Verification: Structure-Fluid Interaction}
% 
% 
% 
% %\vspace*{-5mm}
% \begin{center}
% % \hspace*{-15mm}
% \movie[label=show3,width=9cm,autostart,showcontrols]
% {\includegraphics[width=8.5cm]
% {/home/jeremic/tex/works/Conferences/2017/DOE_Project_Review_Meeting_LBNL_09June2017/Present/Solid-Fluid-Interaction.jpg}}
% {/home/jeremic/public_html/lecture_notes_online_material/_Chapter_Applications_Earthquake_Soil_Structure_Interaction_General_Aspects/Fluid_Solid_interaction/Solid_Fluid_Interaction_NEW.mpeg}
% \end{center}
% 
% 
% 
% 
% 
% \begin{flushleft}
% \vspace*{-15mm}
% \href{http://sokocalo.engr.ucdavis.edu/~jeremic/lecture_notes_online_material/_Chapter_Applications_Earthquake_Soil_Structure_Interaction_General_Aspects/Fluid_Solid_interaction/Solid_Fluid_Interaction.mp4}
% %  \href{./homo_50m-mesh_45degree_Ormsby.mp4}
%   {\tiny (MP4)}
% \end{flushleft}
% %
% 
% 
% 
% 
% 
% \end{frame}
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% 


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\subsection{Validation}



  





     
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\begin{frame}
\frametitle{Validation}



Quantification  of  uncertainties  and errors in the computational model and the
experimental measurements



\begin{itemize}

 \item[-] Goals on validation
   \begin{itemize}
     \item[-]  Tactical  goal:  Identification  and minimization of uncertainties and
     errors in the computational model
     \item[-]  Strategic  goal:  Increase  confidence  in the quantitative predictive
     capability of the computational model
   \end{itemize}

 \item[-] Strategy  is to reduce as much as possible the following:
   \begin{itemize}
     \item[-] Computational model uncertainties and errors
     \item[-] Random, precision errors in the experiments
     \item[-] Bias, systematic errors in the experiments
     \item[-] Incomplete physical characterization of the experiment
  \end{itemize}

\end{itemize}






\end{frame}

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\begin{frame}
\frametitle{Types of Physical Experiments}


\begin{itemize}

%   \vspace*{1.0truecm}
   \item[-] {Traditional, physics discovery experiments}

   \vspace*{10mm}
   \item[-] {Validation experiments}

\end{itemize}


\end{frame}

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\begin{frame}
\frametitle{Traditional Experiments}



%   \vspace*{1.0truecm}
     \begin{itemize}
         \vspace*{4mm}
%       \item[-] Improve the fundamental understanding of physics involved
       \item[-] Improve the fundamental understanding of physics
         \vspace*{6mm}
       \item[-] Improve the mathematical models for physical phenomena
         \vspace*{6mm}
       \item[-] Assess component performance
     \end{itemize}


\end{frame}

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\begin{frame}
\frametitle{Validation Experiments}



     \begin{itemize}
         \vspace*{4mm}
       \item[-] Model validation experiments
         \vspace*{4mm}
       \item[-]  Designed  and  executed  to  quantitatively estimate mathematical
       model's ability to simulate well defined physical behavior
         \vspace*{4mm}
       \item[-]      The    simulation    tool  (SimTool)  (conceptual    model, 
       computational model, computational solution) is the customer!
     \end{itemize}


\end{frame}

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%  %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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\begin{frame}
\frametitle{Validation Experiments }


\begin{itemize}

   \vspace*{0.0truecm}
   \item[-]  A  validation  experiment  should be jointly designed and executed by
   experimentalist and analyst 
%   computationalist
     \begin{itemize}
   \vspace*{1mm}
       \item[-] Need for close working relationship from inception to documentation
   \vspace*{1mm}
       \item[-] Elimination of typical competition
   \vspace*{1mm}
       \item[-]  Complete  honesty  concerning  strengths  and  weaknesses  of both
       experimental and computational simulations
     \end{itemize}


   \vspace*{3mm}
   \item[-] A validation experiment should be designed to capture the relevant physics
     \begin{itemize}
   \vspace*{1mm}
       \item[-] Measure all important modeling data in the experiment
   \vspace*{1mm}
       \item[-]  Characteristics  and  imperfections  of  the experimental facility
       should be included in the model
     \end{itemize}


\end{itemize}



\end{frame}

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% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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\begin{frame}
\frametitle{Validation Experiments (contd)}


\begin{itemize}

   \vspace*{0.0truecm}
   \item[-]  A  validation  experiment  should  use any possible synergism between
   experiment and computational approaches
     \begin{itemize}
       \item[-] Offset strength and weaknesses of computations and experiments
       \item[-]  Use high confidence simulations for simple physics to calibrate of
       improve the characterization of the experimental facility
       \item[-]    Conduct  experiments  with a  hierarchy of physics complexity  to
       determine where the computational simulation breaks (remember, SimTool is
       the customer!)
     \end{itemize}


   \vspace*{2mm}
   \item[-]  Maintain independence  between computational and experimental results
     \begin{itemize}
       \item[-] Blind comparison, the computational simulations should be predictions
       \item[-] Neither side is allowed to use fudge factors, parameters
     \end{itemize}


\end{itemize}



\end{frame}

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% %%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{frame}
\frametitle{Validation Experiments (contd)}


\begin{itemize}

   \vspace*{0.0truecm}
   \item[-]  Validate experiments on unit level problems, hierarchy of experimental
   measurements   should   be   made  that present  an  increasing  range  of
   computational difficulty
     \begin{itemize}
       \item[-] Use of qualitative data (visualization) and quantitative data
       \item[-]  Computational  data  should be processed to match the experimental
       measurement techniques
     \end{itemize}

   \vspace*{3mm}
   \item[-] Experimental uncertainty analysis should be developed and employed
     \begin{itemize}
       \item[-] Distinguish and quantify random and correlated bias errors
       \item[-]   Use  symmetry  arguments  and  statistical  methods  to  identify
       correlated bias errors
       \item[-] Make uncertainty estimates on input quantities needed by the SimTool
     \end{itemize}






\end{itemize}


\end{frame}

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% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% \begin{frame}
% \frametitle{Validation Experiments }
% 
% 
% \begin{itemize}
% 
%    \vspace*{0.0truecm}
% 
%    \item[-]  Jointly designed and executed by
%    experimentalist and computationalist
% 
%    \vspace*{0.0truecm}
%    \item[-] Designed to capture the relevant physics
% 
%    \vspace*{0.0truecm}
%    \item[-]  Use any possible synergism between
%    experiment and computational approaches
% 
%    \vspace*{0.0truecm}
%    \item[-]  Maintain independence  between computational and experimental results
% 
%    \vspace*{0.0truecm}
%    \item[-]  Validate experiments on unit level problems, hierarchy of experimental
%    measurements   should   be   made   which  present  an  increasing  range  of
%    computational difficulty
% 
%    \vspace*{0.0truecm}
%    \item[-] Experimental uncertainty analysis should be developed and employed
% 
% \end{itemize}
% 
% 
% \end{frame}
% 
% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

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\begin{frame}
\frametitle{Validation Experiments}



\begin{itemize}

   \vspace*{3mm}
   \item[-] Experimental data for all components of infrastructure systems

   \vspace*{3mm}
   \item[-] Laboratory or real object measurement data

   \vspace*{3mm}
   \item[-] Unit tests 

   \vspace*{3mm}
   \item[-] Subsystem tests

   \vspace*{3mm}
   \item[-] Complete infrastructure system test

%   \item

\end{itemize}



\end{frame}



%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{frame}
 \frametitle{Validation, Material Behavior, Sand}
% \frametitle{Material Model Validation (Dafalias-Manzari)}


\begin{figure}[!htbp]
\hspace*{-0.4cm}
%\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=5cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Conferences/2007/GeoDenver/Coupled/Present/DMvalidation01a.jpg}
\hspace*{0.5cm}
\includegraphics[width=5.2cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Conferences/2007/GeoDenver/Coupled/Present/DMvalidation02a.jpg}
\hspace*{-0.4cm}
%\end{center}
\end{figure}
%--   
%--   

%
%\item[-] Models available (some now, some later) 
%\vspace*{-2.0cm}
\end{frame}
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\begin{frame}
          
 \frametitle{Nonlinear, Inelastic Behavior of Rock}

  \begin{figure}[!h]
  \begin{center}
  \hspace*{-20mm}
%   \includegraphics[width=2.0cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/lecture_notes_SOKOCALO/Figure-files/_Chapter_Theory_Small_Deformation_Elasto_Plasticity/DTRA_report_Stavrogin2001Fig1_15a.pdf}
%   \includegraphics[width=2.0cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/lecture_notes_SOKOCALO/Figure-files/_Chapter_Theory_Small_Deformation_Elasto_Plasticity/DTRA_report_Stavrogin2001Fig1_15b.pdf}
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%  \caption{\label{Fig:NPP_Model_In_Real_ESSI} Nuclear Power Plant Model with Shallow Foundation }
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% Granite  \hspace*{40mm}  Sandstone \\
\begin{center}
\vspace*{5mm}
(Stavrogin et al 2001)
\end{center}
%Stavrogin 2001, Mogi 2006

% \begin{tikzpicture}[remember picture,overlay]
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\frametitle{Nonlinear, Inelastic Behavior of Interfaces/Joints}
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\begin{figure}[!h]
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%\includegraphics[width=5.50cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Conferences/2022/USBR_V_and_V_Mar-Apr-May_2022/present/Lecture01_Modeling/Kuca_Bajina_Basta-Drina.jpg}
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%\includegraphics[width=5.50cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/lecture_notes_SOKOCALO/Figure-files/_Chapter_Theory_Small_Deformation_Elasto_Plasticity/DTRA_report_Stavrogin2001Fig1_15e.jpg}
\end{center}
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\vspace*{-5mm}
\begin{center}
(Shahrour and Rezaie (1997))
\end{center}
%Stavrogin 2001, Mogi 2006

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\begin{figure}[!htbp]
\hspace*{-10mm}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=3.0truecm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/HanYang/Shear_Wall_Presentation_26Apr2018/Presentation/Figures/Damage_3000.pdf}
\hspace*{-5mm}
\includegraphics[width=3.0truecm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/HanYang/Shear_Wall_Presentation_26Apr2018/Presentation/Figures/Damage_5000.pdf}
\hspace*{-5mm}
\includegraphics[width=3.0truecm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/HanYang/Shear_Wall_Presentation_26Apr2018/Presentation/Figures/Damage_10000.pdf}
\end{figure}

\footnotesize
\vspace{-3mm}
\hspace{6mm}
damage at:  $u_y$ = 1.4 mm
\hspace{6mm}
 $u_y$ = 1.8 mm
\hspace{6mm}
  $u_y$ = 3.0 mm




\begin{figure}[!htbp]
\hspace*{-8mm}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=3truecm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/HanYang/Shear_Wall_Presentation_26Apr2018/Presentation/Figures/Reg_A_Force_Displacement.pdf}
\hspace*{20mm}
\includegraphics[width=3truecm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/HanYang/Shear_Wall_Presentation_26Apr2018/Presentation/Figures/ASR_A1_Force_Displacement.pdf}
\end{figure}

\footnotesize
\vspace{-5mm}
\hspace{15mm}
Regular concrete
\hspace{25mm}
 ASR Concrete




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% \includegraphics[width=5truecm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/lecture_notes_SOKOCALO/Figure-files/_Chapter_Applications_Earthquake_Soil_Structure_Interaction_General_Aspects/Lotung_LSST12_FA25.jpeg}
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% \includegraphics[width=5.0cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/lecture_notes_SOKOCALO/Figure-files/_Chapter_Verification_and_Validation_for_Seismic_Wave_Propagation_Problems/LLSST07_GGmax_Curves.pdf}
% \includegraphics[width=5.0cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/lecture_notes_SOKOCALO/Figure-files/_Chapter_Verification_and_Validation_for_Seismic_Wave_Propagation_Problems/LLSST07_Damping_Curves.pdf}
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% \includegraphics[width=4.1cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/lecture_notes_SOKOCALO/Figure-files/_Chapter_Verification_and_Validation_for_Seismic_Wave_Propagation_Problems/LLSST07_Time_History_of_6m_depth.pdf}
% \\
% \includegraphics[width=4.1cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/lecture_notes_SOKOCALO/Figure-files/_Chapter_Verification_and_Validation_for_Seismic_Wave_Propagation_Problems/LLSST07_Time_History_of_11m_depth.pdf}
% \includegraphics[width=4.1cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/lecture_notes_SOKOCALO/Figure-files/_Chapter_Verification_and_Validation_for_Seismic_Wave_Propagation_Problems/LLSST07_Time_History_of_17m_depth.pdf}
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% \includegraphics[width=4.1cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/lecture_notes_SOKOCALO/Figure-files/_Chapter_Verification_and_Validation_for_Seismic_Wave_Propagation_Problems/LLSST07_Fourier_Spectrum_of_6m_depth.pdf}
% \\
% \includegraphics[width=4.1cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/lecture_notes_SOKOCALO/Figure-files/_Chapter_Verification_and_Validation_for_Seismic_Wave_Propagation_Problems/LLSST07_Fourier_Spectrum_of_11m_depth.pdf}
% \includegraphics[width=4.1cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/lecture_notes_SOKOCALO/Figure-files/_Chapter_Verification_and_Validation_for_Seismic_Wave_Propagation_Problems/LLSST07_Fourier_Spectrum_of_17m_depth.pdf}
% % \caption{Fourier spectrum comparison at  different depths}\label{Fourier_Spectrum}
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\section{Summary}


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\begin{frame}
  \frametitle{Summary}

    \begin{itemize}

      \item[-] Quality Control and Assurance is of utmost importance for numerical analysis
       
        \begin{itemize}

      \item[-] Engineer controls analysis quality

      \item[-] Analysis program 

        \end{itemize}

%\vspace*{2mm}
%    \item[-] Verification and Validation 
%%    Validation experiments, SimTool is the customer

\vspace*{1mm}
    \item[-] Modeling, epistemic uncertainties

\vspace*{1mm}
    \item[-] Parametric, aleatory uncertainties

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% 
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      \item[-] Physics Discovery and Validation experiments 


\vspace*{1mm}
      \item[-] TJU NFEES will make significant contribution !


%       \item[-]    Education  is  the  key  to successful use of realistic nonlinear
%       Earthquake Soil Structure Interaction modeling and simulation
 
%     \item[-]     Development     of    the    Real    ESSI    Simulator    system
%     \href{http://real-essi.info}{http://real-essi.info}

%     \item[-] Importance of using proper models correctly (verification, validation, level of sophistication)
% 

\vspace*{2mm}

\begin{figure}[!h] 
 \centering
\includegraphics[width=2.0cm]{{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Conferences/2016/IAEA_TecDoc_February2016/My_Current_Work/movie_2_npps_mp4_icon.jpeg}}
\includegraphics[width=2.0cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/HexiangWang/ATC-144_buildings_results_plots_15Sep2019/steel_frame2.pdf}
\includegraphics[width=2.0cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/HexiangWang/ATC-144_buildings_results_plots_15Sep2019/Tall_building_model_cut.pdf}
\includegraphics[width=2.0truecm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Reports/2019/Pine_Flats_Dam_USSD/USSD_Dam_Report_2019/Figures/Case_A_Vertical_Stress.png}
% \caption{Fourier spectrum comparison at  different depths}\label{Fourier_Spectrum}
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% %    \item[-] Importance   of   using  proper  models  correctly  (verification,
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% %         \item[-] Increase in deformations
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%     \item[-]  Sophisticated inelastic/nonlinear modeling and simulations need to be
%     done carefully and in phases
% 
% 
% \vspace*{1mm}
%     \item[-] Education and Training is the key!
% 
% 
% \vspace*{1mm}
%    \item[-]     Collaborators:    Feng,  Yang,  Behbehani,  Sinha,  Wang, Wang,
%    Pisan{\'o}, Abell, Tafazzoli, Jie, Preisig, Tasiopoulou, Watanabe, Luo, 
%    Cheng, Yang.
%    
%    
% 
% \vspace*{1mm}
%   \item[-]  Funding  from  and  collaboration  with the ATC/US-FEMA, US-DOE, US-NRC, US-NSF, 
%   CNSC-CCSN, UN-IAEA, and Shimizu Corp. is greatly appreciated,
% 
% 
% \vspace*{1mm}
%   \item[-]  
%     \url{http://sokocalo.engr.ucdavis.edu/~jeremic}
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