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%  \usetheme{Hannover} % ima naslov i sadrzaj sa leve strane
%  \usetheme{Singapore} % ima sadrzaj i tackice gore
%  \usetheme{Antibes}  % ima sadrzaj gore i kao graf ...
%  \usetheme{Berkeley} % ima sadrzaj desno
%  \usetheme{Berlin} % ima sadrzaj gore i tackice
%  \usetheme{Goettingen} % ima sadrzaj za desne strane
%  \usetheme{Montpellier} % ima graf sadrzaj gore
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%  \usecolortheme{beetle} % siva pozadina (vrh plav)
  \usecolortheme{seagull} % sivo
%%%%%%%
%  \usecolortheme{BorisJeremic}
%%%%%%%
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%             colorlinks=true,
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%             linktocpage,
%             pdftex]{hyperref}


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% or whatever
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\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
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% does not look nice, try deleting the line with the fontenc.



%      Site Specific Dynamics of Structures: 
%From Seismic Source to 
%the Safety of Occupants and Content


\title[V\&V Process for Dams]
      {Verification \& Validation (V\&V)  Process \\
       in Engineering Numerical Analysis}
%      {V\&V Process in Engineering Computations}
%      {Real-ESSI Simulator System}
%      {Interface Between Earthquake Ground Motions and Structural
%Response: Numerical Modeling and Simulation of ESSI Behavior}


%\subtitle
%{Include Only If Paper Has a Subtitle}

% %\author[Author, Another] % (optional, use only with lots of authors)
% %{F.~Author\inst{1} \and S.~Another\inst{2}}
% % - Give the names in the same order as the appear in the paper.
% % - Use the \inst{?} command only if the authors have different
% %   affiliation.
\pgfdeclareimage[height=0.2cm]{university-logo}{/home/jeremic/BG/amblemi/ucdavis_logo_blue_sm}
\pgfdeclareimage[height=0.7cm]{lbnl-logo}{/home/jeremic/BG/amblemi/lbnl-logo}
% 
% 
% \pgfdeclareimage[height=0.20cm]{UCD-logo}{/home/jeremic/BG/amblemi/UCD/ucdavis_logo_blue_sm}
% %\pgfdeclareimage[height=0.18cm]{lbnl-logo}{/home/jeremic/BG/amblemi/LBNL/BerkeleyLab_Masterbrand_logo}
% \pgfdeclareimage[height=0.70cm]{LBNL-logo}{/home/jeremic/BG/amblemi/lbnl-logo}
% % % \pgfdeclareimage[height=0.15cm]{ESSI-C-logo}{/home/jeremic/BG/amblemi/ESSI/ESSI_Consultants_gray_02}
% %  \pgfdeclareimage[height=0.17cm]{ESSI-C-logo}{/home/jeremic/BG/amblemi/ESSI/ESSI_Consultants_white_01}
% % 
% %  \pgfdeclareimage[height=0.20cm]{UCD-logo}{/home/jeremic/BG/amblemi/UCD/UCD_white_01}
% %  \pgfdeclareimage[height=0.20cm]{LBNL-logo}{/home/jeremic/BG/amblemi/LBNL/LBNL_white_01}
% % % \pgfdeclareimage[height=0.15cm]{ESSI-C-logo}{/home/jeremic/BG/amblemi/ESSI/ESSI_Consultants_gray_02}
% %  \pgfdeclareimage[height=0.20cm]{ESSI-C-logo}{/home/jeremic/BG/amblemi/ESSI/ESSI-C_white_01}


 
% \pgfdeclareimage[height=0.40cm]{Best_PSHANI_2018_logo}{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Conferences/2018/BestPSHANI/Presentation/Best_PSHANI_2018_logo}

%\author[Jeremi{\'c} et al. Best PSHANI] % (optional, use only with lots of authors)
\author[Jeremi{\'c} and Salamon] % (optional, use only with lots of authors)
%{Boris~Jeremi{\'c}}
{Boris Jeremi{\'c} and  Jerzy Salamon}
%\\

%\institute[Computational Geomechanics Group \hspace*{0.3truecm}
%\institute[] % (optional, but mostly needed)
\institute[\pgfuseimage{university-logo}] % (optional, but mostly needed)
%\institute[\pgfuseimage{university-logo}\hspace*{0.1truecm}\pgfuseimage{lbnl-logo}] % (optional, but mostly needed)
%\institute[\pgfuseimage{UCD-logo}\hspace*{0.15truecm}\pgfuseimage{LBNL-logo}] % (optional, but mostly needed)
%\institute[\pgfuseimage{UCD-logo}\hspace*{0.15truecm}\pgfuseimage{LBNL-logo}\hspace*{0.15truecm}\pgfuseimage{ESSI-C-logo}] % (optional, but mostly needed)
%\institute[\pgfuseimage{UCD-logo}\mbox{;}\pgfuseimage{LBNL-logo}\mbox{;}\pgfuseimage{ESSI-C-logo}] % (optional, but mostly needed)
%{ Professor, University of California, Davis\\
%     { University of California, Davis, CA, USA}
%{UCD and LBNL}
{University of California, Davis, CA 
\\
US Bureau of Reclamation, Denver, CO }
%{ University of California, Davis, CA\\
%  and\\
%  Faculty Scientist, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley }
%  Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA}
%  ESSI Consultants, Davis, CA}
% - Use the \inst command only if there are several affiliations.
% - Keep it simple, no one is interested in your street address.


\date[] % (optional, should be abbreviation of conference name)
{\footnotesize USSD Annual Conference
         Seattle, WA\\
         April 2024}

\subject{}
% This is only inserted into the PDF information catalog. Can be left
% out.



% If you have a file called "university-logo-filename.xxx", where xxx
% is a graphic format that can be processed by latex or pdflatex,
% resp., then you can add a logo as follows:

%\pgfdeclareimage[height=0.2cm]{university-logo}{/home/jeremic/BG/amblemi/ucdavis_logo_gold_lrg}
%\logo{\pgfuseimage{university-logo}}

% \pgfdeclareimage[height=0.5cm]{university-logo}{university-logo-filename}
% \logo{\pgfuseimage{university-logo}}




% - % Delete this, if you do not want the table of contents to pop up at
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% - % \AtBeginSubsection[]
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% - 

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% Structuring a talk is a difficult task and the following structure
% may not be suitable. Here are some rules that apply for this
% solution:

% - Exactly two or three sections (other than the summary).
% - At *most* three subsections per section.
% - Talk about 30s to 2min per frame. So there should be between about
%   15 and 30 frames, all told.

% - A conference audience is likely to know very little of what you
%   are going to talk about. So *simplify*!
% - In a 20min talk, getting the main ideas across is hard
%   enough. Leave out details, even if it means being less precise than
%   you think necessary.
% - If you omit details that are vital to the proof/implementation,
%   just say so once. Everybody will be happy with that.



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\section{Introduction}




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%\subsection{Motivation}
\subsection{\ }



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\begin{frame}
\frametitle{V \& V Motivation}



\begin{itemize}


\vspace*{1mm}
\item[-] How much can (should) we trust  model implementations (verification)?

%\vspace*{0.5cm}
\vspace*{1mm}
\item[-] How much can (should) we trust numerical simulations (validation)?

%\vspace*{0.5cm}
\vspace*{1mm}
\item[-] How good is our numerical analysis?

%\vspace*{0.5cm}
\vspace*{1mm}
\item[-]    Can     numerical analysis be used for improving safety and economy?

%   \vspace*{2.0truecm}
\vspace*{1mm}
   \item[-]  V  \&  V  procedures  are  the  primary means of assessing accuracy in
   numerical analysis

%   \vspace*{1.0truecm}
\vspace*{1mm}
   \item[-]  V  \&  V  procedures  are the tools with which we build confidence in and
   credibility of numerical analysis results




%\vspace*{2.5cm}
%\item[-] How do we  use experimental simulations   to improve models




\end{itemize}




\end{frame}












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\section{V \& V Process}




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%\subsection{Motivation}
\subsection{\ }


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\begin{frame}
 \frametitle{Verification and Validation}
\begin{itemize}
    
    



     \item[-]  {{  Verification:}  provides  evidence  that  the  model is solved
     correctly.} Mathematics issue.  
%     Well developed for the Real ESSI Simulator.

\vspace*{4mm}
     \item[-]  {{  Validation:}  provides  evidence  that  the  correct  model is
     solved.} Physics issue. 
%     Work in progress.
        
\vspace*{4mm}
   \item[-] {  Prediction:}  use  of  computational  model
   to  foretell  the  state  of  a  physical  system  under  consideration under
   conditions for which the computational model has not been validated.
  
%   \item[-] {  Prediction under Uncertainty}:  use  of  computational  model
%   to  predict  the  state  of SSI system under
%   conditions for which the computational model has not been validated.
% 
% 
%   
% \vspace*{1mm}
%    \item[-]  Modeling  and  parametric uncertainties are always present, need to be
%    addressed 
% 
% %\vspace*{1mm}
% %   \item[-] Predictive capabilities with {low Kolmogorov Complexity}
% %
% 
% \vspace*{1mm}
%      \item[-] Goal: Predict and Inform and rather than (force) Fit
% 
% 



\end{itemize}
\end{frame}




   
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\begin{frame}
 \frametitle{Role of Verification and Validation}



\begin{figure}[!h]
\begin{center}
\hspace*{-2cm}
%{\includegraphics[width=5.0cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Conferences/2012/ASME_V_and_V_symposium/presentetation/RoleVV_NEW_knowledge.pdf}}
{\includegraphics[width=5.0cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Conferences/2013/NRC_Short_Course_May2013/Present/Present06_figs/RoleVV_NEW_knowledge.pdf}}
%{\includegraphics[width=6.5cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Conferences/2011/USNCCM11_Minneapolis/Coupled/Present/VandV_ODEN.jpg}}
{\includegraphics[width=6.5cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Conferences/2013/NRC_Short_Course_May2013/Present/Present06_figs/VandV_ODEN.jpg}}
\hspace*{-2cm}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

{Oberkampf et al. \hspace*{4cm}  Oden et al.}
%
%\item[-] Models available (some now, some later)
%\vspace*{-2.0cm}

%
%\item[-] Models available (some now, some later)
%\vspace*{-2.0cm}
\end{frame}
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\begin{frame}
  \frametitle{Fundamentals of Verification and Validation}



%--


\begin{figure}[!h]
% \vspace*{-0.5cm}
\hspace*{-8mm}
%\begin{center}
%{\includegraphics[width=11cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Conferences/2005/OpenSeesWorkshopAugust/DeveloperSymposium/VerifValidFund01.pdf}}
{\includegraphics[width=12cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Conferences/2013/NRC_Short_Course_May2013/Present/Present06_figs/VerifValidFund01.pdf}}
%\end{center}
\end{figure}


\end{frame}


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\begin{frame}
\frametitle{Important Sources}



\begin{itemize}




%\item[-] {\it  Short Course on Verification and Validation in
%Computational Mechanics}, by {\sc Dr. William Oberkampf}, Sandia National Laboratories
%July 27th, 2003, Albuquerque, New Mexico.

\item[-]
{\sc W.~L. Oberkampf, T.~G. Trucano, and C. Hirsch.}
Verification, validation and predictive capability in computational
  engineering and physics.
In {\em Proceedings of the Foundations for Verification and
  Validation on the 21st Century Workshop}, pages 1--74, Laurel, Maryland,
  October 22-23 2002. Johns Hopkins University / Applied Physics Laboratory.
%{\href{http://sokocalo.engr.ucdavis.edu/~jeremic/UsefulReadings/Oberkampf-Trucano-Hirsch.pdf}
%{PDF available here}}


\item[-]
{\sc P.~J. Roache.}
 {\em Verification and Validation in Computational Science and
  Engineering}.
Hermosa publishers, 1998.
ISBN 0-913478-08-3.
%


% \item[-] Material from {\it Verification and Validation in Computational Mechanics}
% web site \texttt{http://www.usacm.org/vnvcsm/} at the USACM.

 \item[-]  William L. Oberkampf and Christopher J. Roy. Verification and Validation
 in Scientific Computing. Cambridge University Press, 2010.



\end{itemize}




\end{frame}


% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% 
% 
% 



%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{frame}
 \frametitle{Verification}


\begin{itemize}


     \item[-] Process  of  determining  that    a  model
   implementation  accurately  represents the developer's conceptual description
   and specification

\vspace*{3mm}
   \item[-] Mathematics and Computer Science issue

\vspace*{3mm}
   \item[-] { Verification provides evidence that the
   model is solved correctly}

\end{itemize}

%
%\item[-] Models available (some now, some later)
%\vspace*{-2.0cm}
\end{frame}
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\begin{frame}
 \frametitle{Validation}


\begin{itemize}

     \item[-] Process of determining the degree to which a
   model  is  accurate  representation of the real world from the perspective of
   the  intended  uses  of  the  model

\vspace*{3mm}
    \item[-]  Physics, Mechanics issue

\vspace*{3mm}
    \item[-] {Validation provides
   evidence that the correct model is solved}

\end{itemize}

%
%\item[-] Models available (some now, some later)
%\vspace*{-2.0cm}
\end{frame}
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\begin{frame}
 \frametitle{Prediction}


\begin{itemize}

   \item[-] Use  of  computational  model  to foretell the state of a
   physical   system   under  consideration  under  conditions  for  which  the
   computational model has not been validated
\end{itemize}

%
%\item[-] Models available (some now, some later)
%\vspace*{-2.0cm}
\end{frame}
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% \section{Verification and Validation}
%
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% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% \subsection*{Fundamentals}



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\begin{frame}
  \frametitle{Verification: Model is solved correctly, Mathematics}

%    {\bf  Verification}:  The  process  of  determining  that    a  model
%    implementation  accurately  represents the developer's conceptual description
%    and specification.
% %   Mathematics issue. {\it Verification provides evidence that the
% %   model is solved correctly.}

   \begin{itemize}
     \item[-]Identify and remove errors in computer coding
%        \begin{itemize}
%          \item[-] Numerical algorithm \\ verification
%          \item[-] Software quality \\ assurance practice
%        \end{itemize}

     \item[-] Quantification of the \\ 
              numerical, discretization errors in \\ 
              computed solution
   \end{itemize}


\begin{figure}[!h]
\vspace*{-1cm}
\hspace*{4.5cm}
%\begin{flushright}
{\includegraphics[width=6.5cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Conferences/2005/OpenSeesWorkshopAugust/DeveloperSymposium/VerifValidFund02.pdf}}
%\end{flushright}
\end{figure}

\end{frame}

% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% \begin{frame}
%   \frametitle{Verification: Improving Software Quality Through Development Process }
%
%
%    \begin{itemize}
%      \item[-] Application  Programming  Interface  (API) defines software services
%      developed by {\bf Developers} that are used by {\bf Users}
%
%        \begin{itemize}
% %\vspace*{0.3cm}
%          \item[-] Public API is forever (asset, liability)
% %\vspace*{0.5cm}
% %\vspace*{0.3cm}
%          \item[-] Realistically, API evolves
% %\vspace*{0.3cm}
%          \item[-] API design is tough (perfection unachievable, try anyway)
%
%          \item[-] Literate programming for API
%
%        \end{itemize}
%
%
%
%      \item[-] Two sided software platform connect Developers $Arrow$ users through
%      positive feedback (through API)
%
%        \end{itemize}
%
% \end{frame}
%
% % %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{frame}
  \frametitle{Validation: Correct model is solved, Physics}


%   {\bf  Validation}:  The process of determining the degree to which a
%    model  is  accurate  representation of the real world from the perspective of
%    the  intended  uses  of  the  model.
% %   Physics issue. {\it Validation provides
% %   evidence that the correct model is solved.}

   \begin{itemize}
     \item[-]  Tactical  goal: \\
     Identification  and  minimization of \\
     modeling uncertainties in \\
     the computational model
     \item[-]  Strategic  goal: \\
     Increase  confidence  in \\
     the quantitative predictive\\
     capability of \\
     the computational model
   \end{itemize}

\begin{figure}[!h]
\vspace*{-4.3cm}
\hspace*{5.5cm}
%\begin{flushright}
{\includegraphics[width=5.5cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Conferences/2005/OpenSeesWorkshopAugust/DeveloperSymposium/VerifValidFund03.pdf}}
%\end{flushright}
\end{figure}



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\begin{frame}
\frametitle{Types of Physical Experiments}


 \begin{itemize}

 %   \vspace*{1.0truecm}
    \item[-] {Traditional Experiments}
      \begin{itemize}
   \vspace*{1mm}
        \item[-] Improve the fundamental understanding of physics involved
   \vspace*{1mm}
        \item[-] Improve the mathematical models for physical phenomena
   \vspace*{1mm}
        \item[-] Assess component performance
      \end{itemize}

   \vspace*{3mm}
    \item[-] {Validation Experiments}
      \begin{itemize}
   \vspace*{1mm}
        \item[-] Model validation experiments
   \vspace*{1mm}
        \item[-]  Designed  and  executed  to  quantitatively estimate mathematical
        model's ability to simulate well defined physical behavior
   \vspace*{1mm}
        \item[-]   The  simulation  tool (SimTool) is the customer!
      \end{itemize}


 \end{itemize}


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%    measurements   should   be   made   which  present  an  increasing  range  of
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%    physical   system   under  consideration  under  conditions  for  which  the
%    computational model has not been validated
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%      \begin{itemize}
%        \item[.] Computational models are easily misused, unintentionally or intentionally
%        \item[.]  How  closely  related  are  the  conditions  of the prediction and
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\begin{frame}
\frametitle{Application Domain:  Complete or Partial Overlap}





%\vspace*{0.3cm}

\begin{figure}[!h]
\begin{center}
\hspace*{1.5cm}
{\includegraphics[width=2.50cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Presentation/2004/VandV/VPI01.pdf}}
\hfill
{\includegraphics[width=2.50cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Presentation/2004/VandV/VPI02.pdf}}
\hspace*{1.5cm}
%\vspace*{-5.0cm}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

\vspace*{4mm}

\begin{itemize}
 \item[-] Rarely applicable to civil infrastructure objects
%( bridges, buildings, port facilities, dams...
\vspace*{2mm}
 \item[-] Environmental influences, generalized loads, conditions, wear and
 tare are hard to predict
%  \item[-]  Human  factors
%  Mars rover example: memory overflow, operator
% { forgot} to flush the memory...
\end{itemize}




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\frametitle{Application Domain --  No Overlap}





%\vspace*{0.3cm}

\begin{figure}[!h]
\begin{center}
%\vspace*{-2.5cm}
{\includegraphics[width=3.0cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Presentation/2004/VandV/VPI03.pdf}}
%\vspace*{-5.0cm}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

\vspace*{-0.2cm}

\begin{itemize}
 \item[-]  Inference  $\Rightarrow$  based on {physics} and {statistics}

 \item[-]  Validation domain is actually an aggregation of tests and thus might not
 be convex, bifurcation of behavior

 \item[-]   Validation   domain   for civil infrastructure objects is almost
 exclusively non--overlapping with the application domain
\end{itemize}





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% \begin{itemize}
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%    \item[] Verified and Validated models can be used for design and for
%    assessing behavior of
%      \begin{itemize}
%        \item[-] components and/or
%        \item[-] complete systems
%      \end{itemize}
%
%    \vspace*{0.2truecm}
%    \item[] Note: environmental influences cannot all be
%    taken into the account prior to construction, use
%
%    \vspace*{0.2truecm}
%    \item[] Note: with  a  good  model,  environmental influences on system behavior
%    can be assessed, before or after the event
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\section{Summary}
\subsection{\ }


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\begin{frame}
  \frametitle{Summary}

  \vspace*{5mm}
    \begin{itemize}
       
      \item[-]  V\&V most important for providing confidence in numerical analysis results

%  \vspace*{3mm}
%        \item[-] FEM model verification is essential too!


\vspace*{1mm}
  \item[-] Analysis of quality of numerical analysis results

  
\vspace*{1mm}
\item[-] Commercial programs:
  \begin{itemize}
    \item[-] Large number of benchmark examples
    \item[-] Primary goal is to demonstrate "engineering accuracy"
    \item[-]  However  (!)  verification should carefully quantify the numerical
           error in the solutions
  \end{itemize}


\vspace*{1mm}
      \item[-] Numerical analysis should not be used without V\&V


%\vspace*{3mm}
%      \item[-]  Real  ESSI  Simulator has an extensive Verification database, and a
%      smaller Validation database

% 
%       \item[-]    Education  is  the  key  to successful use of realistic nonlinear
%       Earthquake Soil Structure Interaction modeling and simulation
% 
%     \item[-]     Development     of    the    Real    ESSI    Simulator    system
%     \href{http://real-essi.us}{http://real-essi.us}

%     \item[-] Importance of using proper models correctly (verification, validation, level of sophistication)
%    


%  \vspace*{3mm}
%      \item[-] Numerical analysis to predict and inform
%  

% %\vspace*{1mm}
%     \item[-] Analysis of uncertainties and sensitivities
%
%\vspace*{1mm}
%    \item[-] Predict and inform
%

\vspace*{1mm}
  \item[-] Engineer needs to know!

% 
%  
%  \vspace*{3mm}
%    \item[-] Analysis governance 
%  

% 
% \vspace*{2mm}
%     \item[-] Education and Training is the key!


% 
% 
% 
% \vspace*{1mm}
%   \item[-] Real-ESSI Simulator System: 
%    \url{http://real-essi.info}
% % %\\                       
% 
% 
% 
% % \vspace*{1mm}
% %         \item[-]  Collaborators at UCDavis:  Yang,  Behbehani,  Sinha, 
% %         Wang, Lacour, Wang, Pisan{\'o}, Abell, Tafazzoli, Jie, Preisig,
% %         Tasiopoulou, Watanabe, Luo, Cheng, Yang, Kanellopoulos, Staszewska
%    
% 
% \vspace*{1mm}
%         \item[-]  Collaborators at UCDavis:  Wang, Yang, Lacour, Staszewska
% 
% 
% \vspace*{1mm}
%         \item[-]  Collaboration with and  financial  support  from  the 
%         US-NRC,
%         US-NSF,  
%         US-DOE, 
% %         PEER,
% %  %       Caltrans,  
% %          CNSC-CCSN,  
%         UN-IAEA, 
% %  %        ILEE,
% %          Shimizu, 
% %          ENSI-CH-Basler\&Hofmann
% is much appreciated
% 

%  
%  \vspace*{3mm}
%  \item[-] Voltaire: "Le doute n'est pas une condition agr{\'e}able, mais la certitude est
%           absurde"
%  %         (Voltaire)
%  %         (Fran{\c c}ois-Marie Arouet, Voltaire)
   


\end{itemize}



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