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\vspace*{0.0truecm}
\begin{center}
{\huge \bf
%\vspace*{1.5truecm} \\
\rule[-3mm]{0cm}{2.3cm} NEES Grand Challenge Project  \\
\rule[-3mm]{0cm}{2.3cm} OpenSees User Workshop  \\
\rule[-3mm]{0cm}{2.3cm} Geotechnical tools  \\
%\rule[-3mm]{0cm}{1.3cm} Behavior of Foundation System       \\
}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\vspace*{3.0truecm}


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\begin{large}
\begin{center}
{\bf Boris Jeremi{\' c}}
\end{center}
\end{large}

%\vspace*{-0.50truecm}

\begin{small}
\begin{center}
{Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering }\\
{University of California, Davis}\\
\end{center}
\end{small}

%
%   
%   %\vspace*{0.50truecm}
%   %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%   \begin{small}
%   \begin{center}
%   {OpenSees User Workshop}\\
%   {August 21-22, 2003 , Richmond Field Station}\\
%   \end{center}
%   \end{small}
%   %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%   
%   \begin{small}
%   
%   \begin{description}
%   %\item  Supported  in  part    by  the  NSF--PEER \#~EEC-9701568,
%   %Cal--EPA \#~99-01337V,
%   \item     Supported    in    part        by    the    NSF, PEER,
%   Caltrans, and Cal--EPA.
%   
%   \item Collaborators:
%   Professors
%   Zhaohui Yang (UAA),
%   Sashi Kunnath (UCD),
%   %Bruce Kutter (UCD),
%   Gregory  Fenves  (UCB),
%   Jacobo Bielak (CMU),
%   %Bernd Hamann  (UCD),
%   Zhaojun  Bai  (UCD),
%   George Karypis (UMN),
%   Drs.
%   Francis  McKenna  (UCB), and
%   graduate  students
%   Xiaoyan Wu (UCD)
%   Ritu Jain (UCD),
%   Qing Liu (UCD),
%   Jinxiu Liao (UCD).
%   Guanzhou Jie (UCD).
%   \end{description}
%   
%   \end{small}
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\slide{Motivation}


\begin{large}


\begin{itemize}


\vspace*{1.0cm}
\item  Create  high  fidelity  models of constructed facilities
(bridges, buildings, port structures, dams...).

\vspace*{1.0cm}
\item Models will live concurrently  with  the  physical  system
they  represent.

\vspace*{1.0cm}
\item Models to provide  owners  and  operators  with  the
capabilities to assess operations and future performance.

\vspace*{1.0cm}
\item  Use  observed  performance  to update and validate models
through simulations.

\end{itemize}
\end{large}
%
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\slide{Goal}
\begin{large}


\vspace*{1.5cm}
\begin{itemize}

\vspace*{1.5cm}
\item  {\bf Develop} and  {\bf use} computational models in order to

\begin{itemize}
  \item Design physical tests

  \item Use observed behavior to {\bf validate} and {\bf improve} models

  \item Use validated models to {\bf predict} behavior of realistic bridge systems
\end{itemize}


\vspace*{1.5cm}
\item Educate users about new, exciting simulation tools that are now available



\end{itemize}

\end{large}







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\slide{Presentation Overview}

\vspace*{-0.3cm}

\begin{large}


\begin{itemize}


\item  Validating computational models


%\vspace*{2.0cm}
\item  Enabling Technologies

    \begin{itemize}

        \vspace*{-0.1cm}
        \item  Template Elasto--Plasticity

        \vspace*{-0.1cm}
        \item Full Coupling of Solid and Fluid

        \vspace*{-0.1cm}
        \item Domain Reduction Method

        \vspace*{-0.1cm}
        \item Distributed Memory Parallel Computing

        \vspace*{-0.1cm}
        \item  General Large Deformations

%        \item Visualization

    \end{itemize}


\item  Geomechanics Applications 

    \begin{itemize}

        \vspace*{-0.1cm}
        \item Constitutive behavior of test specimens

        \vspace*{-0.1cm}
        \item Behavior of piles in layered soils

        \vspace*{-0.1cm}
        \item Interactions of piles in pile groups

        \vspace*{-0.1cm}
        \item Wave propagation in saturated soils

        \vspace*{-0.1cm}
        \item Seismic behavior of soils and soil-structure interactions


    \end{itemize}

%\item  Currently in Works  (CW)
%
%    \begin{itemize}
%
%    \end{itemize}
%
\end{itemize}

\end{large}




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\slide{Goals of Validation}

\begin{large}

Quantification  of  uncertainties  and errors in the computational model and the
experimental measurements



\begin{itemize}

 \item Goals on validation
   \begin{itemize}
     \item  Tactical  goal:  Identification  and minimization of uncertainties and
     errors in the computational model
     \item  Strategic  goal:  Increase  confidence  in the quantitative predictive
     capability of the computational model
   \end{itemize}

 \item Strategy  is to reduce as much as possible the following:
   \begin{itemize}
     \item Computational model uncertainties and errors
     \item Random (precision) errors and bias (systematic) errors in the experiments
     \item Incomplete physical characterization of the experiment
  \end{itemize}

\end{itemize}


\end{large}


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%--- \slide{Validation Procedure Uncertainty}
%--- 
%--- \begin{large}
%--- 
%--- \begin{itemize}
%--- 
%--- \vspace*{1cm}
%---  \item  Aleatory uncertainty $\rightarrow$ inherent variation associated with the
%---  physical  system  of  the environment (variation in external excitation, material
%---  properties...).  Also  know  known  as irreducible uncertainty, variability and
%---  stochastic uncertainty.
%--- 
%--- 
%--- \vspace*{1cm}
%---  \item  Epistemic uncertainty $\rightarrow$ potential deficiency in any phase of
%---  the  modeling  process  that is due to lack of knowledge (poor understanding of
%---  mechanics...).  Also known as reducible uncertainty, model form uncertainty and
%---  subjective uncertainty
%---  
%--- 
%--- \end{itemize}
%--- 
%--- 
%--- \end{large}
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%--- \slide{Types of Physical Experiments}
%--- 
%--- \begin{large}
%--- \begin{itemize}
%--- 
%---    \vspace*{1.0truecm}
%---    \item {\bf Traditional Experiments}
%---      \begin{itemize}
%---        \item Improve the fundamental understanding of physics involved
%---        \item Improve the mathematical models for physical phenomena
%---        \item Assess component performance 
%---      \end{itemize}
%--- 
%---    \vspace*{1.0truecm}
%---    \item {\bf Validation Experiments}
%---      \begin{itemize}
%---        \item Model validation experiments
%---        \item  Designed  and  executed  to  quantitatively estimate mathematical
%---        model's ability to simulate well defined physical behavior
%---        \item   The  simulation  tool (SimTool) (conceptual  model,  computational  model,
%---        computational solution) is the customer
%---      \end{itemize}
%--- 
%--- 
%--- \end{itemize}
%--- \end{large}
%--- 
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\slide{Validation Experiments }

\begin{large}
\begin{itemize}

   \vspace*{0.0truecm}
   \item  A  validation  experiment  should be jointly designed and executed by
   experimentalist and computationalist
     \begin{itemize}
       \item Need for close working relationship from inception to documentation
       \item Elimination of typical competition between each
       \item  Complete  honesty  concerning  strengths  and  weaknesses  of both
       experimental and computational simulations
     \end{itemize}


   \vspace*{0.0truecm}
   \item A validation Experiment should be designed to capture the relevant physics
     \begin{itemize}
       \item Measure all important modeling data in the experiment
       \item  Characteristics  and  imperfections  of  the experimental facility
       should be included in the model
     \end{itemize}


\end{itemize}
\end{large}

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%--- %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%--- %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%--- \slide{Validation Experiments (contd)}
%--- 
%--- \begin{large}
%--- \begin{itemize}
%--- 
%---    \vspace*{0.0truecm}
%---    \item  A  validation  experiment  should  use any possible synergism between
%---    experiment and computational approaches
%---      \begin{itemize}
%---        \item Offset strength and weaknesses of computations and experiments
%---        \item  Use high confidence simulations for simple physics to calibrate or
%---        improve the characterization of the experimental facility
%---        \item    Conduct  experiments  with a  hierarchy of physics complexity  to
%---        determine where the computational simulation breaks (remember, SimTool is
%---        the customer!)
%---      \end{itemize}
%--- 
%--- 
%---    \vspace*{0.0truecm}
%---    \item  Maintain independence  between computational and experimental results
%---      \begin{itemize}
%---        \item Blind comparison, the computational simulations should be predictions
%---        \item Neither side is allowed to use fudge factors, parameters
%---      \end{itemize}
%--- 
%--- 
%--- \end{itemize}
%--- \end{large}
%--- 
%--- %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%--- % %%%%
%--- %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%--- %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%--- \slide{Validation Experiments (contd)}
%--- 
%--- \begin{large}
%--- \begin{itemize}
%--- 
%---    \vspace*{0.0truecm}
%---    \item  Validate experiments on unit level problems, hierarchy of experimental
%---    measurements   should   be   made   which  present  an  increasing  range  of
%---    computational difficulty
%---      \begin{itemize}
%---        \item Use of qualitative data (e.g. visualization) and quantitative data
%---        \item  Computational  data  should be processed to match the experimental
%---        measurement techniques
%---      \end{itemize}
%--- 
%---    \vspace*{0.0truecm}
%---    \item Experimental uncertainty analysis should be developed and employed
%---      \begin{itemize}
%---        \item Distinguish and quantify random and correlated bias errors
%---        \item   Use  symmetry  arguments  and  statistical  methods  to  identify
%---        correlated bias errors
%---        \item Make uncertainty estimates on input quantities needed by the SimTool
%---      \end{itemize}
%--- 
%--- 
%--- 
%--- 
%--- 
%--- 
%--- \end{itemize}
%--- \end{large}
%--- 
%--- %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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%--- \slide{Prediction}
%--- 
%--- \begin{large}
%--- \begin{itemize}
%--- 
%---    \vspace*{0.7truecm}
%---    \item  Prediction:  use  of  computational  model  to foretell the state of a
%---    physical   system   under  consideration  under  conditions  for  which  the
%---    computational model has not been validated
%--- 
%---    \vspace*{0.7
%---    truecm}
%---    \item Validation does not directly make a claim about the accuracy of a prediction
%---      \begin{itemize}
%---        \item Computational models are easily misused (unintentionally or intentionally)
%---        \item  How  closely  related  are  the  conditions  of the prediction and
%---        specific cases in validation database
%---        \item How well is physics of the problem understood
%--- 
%---      \end{itemize}
%--- 
%--- 
%--- \end{itemize}
%--- \end{large}
%--- 
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% \slide{Relation Between Validation and Prediction}
% 
% \begin{large}
% 
% Quantification of confidence in a prediction: 
% 
% \begin{itemize}
% 
%    \vspace*{0.8truecm}
%    \item How do I quantify validation and its inference value in a predictions?
% 
%    \vspace*{0.8truecm}
%    \item  How do I quantify verification and its inference value in a prediction?
% 
%    \vspace*{0.8truecm}
%    \item  How  far are individual experiments in my validation database from my
%    physical system of interest?
% 
% %   \item 
% 
% \end{itemize}
% \end{large}
% 
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\slide{Application Domain}

\begin{large}



\vspace*{0.3cm}

\begin{figure}[!h]
\begin{center}
%\vspace*{-2.5cm}
{\includegraphics[width=20.0cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Conferences/2003/PEERScholarsCourse/Present/VPI.pdf}}
%\vspace*{-5.0cm}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

\vspace*{-0.5cm}

\begin{itemize}
 \item Inference $\Rightarrow$ Based on {\bf physics} or {\bf statistics}
 \item  Validation domain is actually an aggregation of tests (points) and might not
 be convex (bifurcation of behavior)
 \item  NEES  research  provides for validation domain (experimental facilities)
 that are mostly (if not exclusively) {\bf non--overlapping} with the application domain.
\end{itemize}


\end{large}

% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

%--- 
%--- 
%--- 
%--- \slide{Validation and Prediction Simulations}
%--- \begin{large}
%--- 
%--- \begin{itemize}
%--- 
%--- \vspace*{0.5cm}
%--- \item Non--overlapping validation domain: hierarchical set of physical experiments (simple $\rightarrow$ complicated) 
%--- 
%--- \vspace*{0.5cm}
%--- \item Uncertainty estimates for input quantities for the simulation tool (OpenSees) 
%--- 
%--- \vspace*{0.5truecm}
%--- \item How do I quantify validation and its inference value in a predictions?
%--- 
%--- %\vspace*{0.2truecm}
%--- %\item  How do I quantify verification and its inference value in a prediction?
%--- 
%--- \vspace*{0.5truecm}
%--- \item  How  far are individual experiments in my validation database from my
%--- physical system of interest?
%--- 
%--- % 
%--- % \vspace*{0.5cm}
%--- % \item 
%--- % 
%--- % \vspace*{0.5cm}
%--- % \item 
%--- % 
%--- % \vspace*{0.5cm}
%--- % \item 
%--- % 
%--- % \vspace*{0.5cm}
%--- % \item 
%--- 
%--- 
%--- \end{itemize}
%--- %1
%--- 
%--- \end{large}
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\slide{Enabling Technologies}
\begin{large}

 \begin{itemize}
\vspace*{0.5cm}
   \item Basic formulation to establish application domain (will skip theory this time)\\
\vspace*{0.5cm}
   \item Follow on--line notes for my course: Computational Geomechanics\\
\vspace*{0.5cm}
   \item Papers and reports available on--line as well\\
\vspace*{0.5cm}
   \item Simple examples of unit element numerical tests\\
\end{itemize}

%
\end{large}
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\slide{The Simulations Tool \\ Geotechnical Part}
\begin{large}

\begin{itemize}


%\vspace*{0.3cm}
\item Fairly strictly based on Thermodynamics (Geomechanics)

%\vspace*{0.3cm}
\item    Small  deformation,  single  phase, linear and nonlinear elasticity and
incremental elasto--plasticity  (including 1D PY springs, 2D and 3D solids)

%\vspace*{0.3cm}
\item  General, large deformation huperelasticity and hyperelasto--plasticity

%\vspace*{0.3cm}
\item  Full  coupling  of  solid  and  fluid  ($u-p-U$), (small deformations only at the moment

%\vspace*{0.3cm}
\item  Seismic  input  through  the  Plastic  Bowl  Method (aka Domain Reduction
Method), allows spatial variation in motions...)

\vspace*{0.3cm}
%\item Distributed memory parallel computing, for large problems

%\vspace*{0.3cm}
\item Visualization tools (post--processing)


\end{itemize}
%
\end{large}
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% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% \slide{Enabling Technologies }
% \begin{large}
% 
% \begin{description}
% 
% \vspace*{0.5cm}
% \item  Template Elasto--Plasticity
% 
% \vspace*{0.5cm}
% \item  General Large Deformations
% 
% \vspace*{0.5cm}
% \item Full Coupling of Solid and Fluid
% 
% \vspace*{0.5cm}
% \item Domain Reduction Method
% 
% \vspace*{0.5cm}
% \item Distributed Memory Parallel Computing
% 
% \vspace*{0.5cm}
% \item Visualization
% 
% 
% \end{description}
% %
% \end{large}
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\slide{Analysis Phases}
\begin{large}


\vspace*{-0.3cm}

\begin{figure}[!h]
\begin{center}
%\vspace*{-2.5cm}
{\includegraphics[width=11.0cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Presentation/2004/OpenSeesWorkshop/StagesIncrementsIterations.pdf}}
\vspace*{-1.0cm}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

\vspace*{-0.9cm}

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\slide{Equilibrium Iterations}
\begin{large}

\begin{itemize}

\vspace*{0.9cm}
\item Local, constitutive level iterations

\vspace*{0.9cm}
\item Global, finite element level iterations

\vspace*{0.9cm}
\item Convergence criteria

\vspace*{0.9cm}
\item Convergence tolerance

\vspace*{0.9cm}
\item Newton family of methods


\end{itemize}
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\end{large}
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\slide{Template Elasto--Plasticity }

\begin{large}

\noindent
Yield  function  (or  lack  of YF), potential function (and/or flow directions),
hardening/softening    laws    (scalar,    rotational/translational   kinematic,
distortional...)

\begin{itemize}


\vspace{0.6cm}
  \item Independent definitions of:
\vspace{0.4cm}
    \begin{enumerate}
       \vspace{0.2cm}
      \item Yield function  (and it's derivatives)
       \vspace{0.2cm}
      \item Plastic flow direction (first and second derivatives of potential function)
       \vspace{0.2cm}
      \item Evolutions laws for the above two
    \end{enumerate}

       \vspace{0.5cm}
  \item This is used to create Template Elastic--Plastic Models



\end{itemize}
\end{large}
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\slide{Template Commands}

%\begin{large}

\vspace{1.6cm}

   \begin{verbatim}
#Elastic-plastic Drucker-Prager model with von Mises Plastic Potential
# Yield surface
set YS "-DP"
# Potential surface
set PS "-VM"
# Scalar evolution law: linear hardening coef = 1.0
set ES1  "-Leq  1.0"
# Tensorial evolution law: linear hardening coef. = 0.0
set ET1  "-Linear  0.0"
# initial stress
set stressp "0.10 0 0  0 0.10 0  0 0 0.10"
#__________E________Eo____v___rho______________alpha___k
set EPS "70000.0 70000.0 0.2 1.8 -NOD 1 -NOS 2  0.2    0.0 -stressp $stressp"
# where alpha=2*sin(phi)/(3^0.5)/(3-sin(phi)), phi->friction angle, k->cohesion

# Put together all the components in a working elastic-plastic material model
nDMaterial Template3Dep 1 -YS $YS -PS $PS -EPS $EPS -ELS1 $ES1 -ELT1 $ET1
#brick element tag     8 nodes     matID  bforce1 bforce2 bforce3  rho
element brick  1  5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4   1      0.0     0.0    -9.81  1.8
   \end{verbatim}


%\end{large}

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\slide{Template Elastic--Plastic Models}


\begin{large}
\begin{itemize}
       \vspace{1.0cm}
    \item Yield surfaces: von Mises \verb!VM!, 
                          Drucker--Prager  \verb!DP!,
                          Rounded Mohr--Coulomb  \verb!RMC!,
                          Cam--Clay           \verb!CC!,
%                          Manzari--Dafalias (bounding surface plasticity) \verb!MD!,
                          Parabolic Leon  \verb!PL! (still in testing),
       \vspace{1.0cm}
    \item Plastic flow directions (potential surfaces): von Mises \verb!VM!, 
                          Drucker--Prager  \verb!DP!,
                          Rounded Mohr--Coulomb  \verb!RMC!,
                          Cam--Clay           \verb!CC!,
                          Manzari--Dafalias (bounding surface plasticity) \verb!MD!,
                          Parabolic Leon  \verb!PL! (still in testing),
%  %    \item User added
%  %        \vspace{0.4cm}
%      \item Isotropic or kinematic hardening/softening
%        \begin{itemize}
%          \item linear isotropic hardening/softening  of up to 4 scalar internal variables
%          \item nonlinear isotropic hardening/softening  of up to 4 scalar internal variables
%          \item linear kinematic hardening/softening  of up to 4 tensorial internal variables
%          \item nonlinear kinematic hardening/softening  of up to 4 tensorial internal variables
%            \begin{itemize}
%              \item Armstrong--Fredericks type kinematic hardening/softening  of up to 4 tensorial internal variables
%              \item Bounding surface nonlinear (Dafalias--Popov) kinematic hardening/softening  of up to 4 tensorial internal variables
%            \end{itemize}
%        \end{itemize}
%  %        \vspace{0.4cm}
%      \item Hierarchical database of models (by materials)


  \end{itemize}
\end{large}

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\slide{Template Elastic--Plastic Models (contd)}


\begin{large}
\begin{itemize}
%  %       \vspace{0.2cm}
%      \item Yield surgaces: von Mises \verb!VM!, 
%                            Drucker--Prager  \verb!DP!,
%                            Rounded Mohr--Coulomb  \verb!RMC!,
%                            Cam--Clay           \verb!CC!,
%  %                          Manzari--Dafalias (bounding surface plasticity) \verb!MD!,
%                            Parabolic Leon  \verb!PL! (still in testing),
%      \item Plastic flow directions (potential surfaces): von Mises \verb!VM!, 
%                            Drucker--Prager  \verb!DP!,
%                            Rounded Mohr--Coulomb  \verb!RMC!,
%                            Cam--Clay           \verb!CC!,
%                            Manzari--Dafalias (bounding surface plasticity) \verb!MD!,
%                            Parabolic Leon  \verb!PL! (still in testing),
%  %    \item User added
%        \vspace{0.4cm}
    \item Isotropic or kinematic hardening/softening
      \begin{itemize}
        \item linear and/or nonlinear isotropic hardening/softening  of up to 4 scalar internal variables
        \item linear or nonlinear kinematic hardening/softening  of up to 4 tensorial internal variables
          \begin{itemize}
            \item Armstrong--Fredericks nonlinear kinematic hardening/softening  of up to 4 tensorial internal variables
            \item Bounding surface nonlinear (Dafalias--Popov) kinematic hardening/softening  of up to 4 tensorial internal variables
          \end{itemize}
      \end{itemize}
        \vspace{0.4cm}
    \item Hierarchical database of models (by materials)
\end{itemize}
\end{large}

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% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% \slide{Template Elasto--Plasticity }
%
% \begin{large}
%
% \end{large}
%
% \vspace*{-1cm}
%
%  \begin{figure}[!hbpt]
% \begin{center}
% %\mbox{\footnotesize DP-DP-PP}
% %{\includegraphics[width=5.2cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/ZhaohuiYang/DP_DP_pp_q_eq.pdf}}
% %{\includegraphics[width=5.2cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/ZhaohuiYang/DP_DP_pp_ev_eq.pdf}}
% %\mbox{\footnotesize DP-vM-sh}
% {\includegraphics[width=6.0cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/ZhaohuiYang/DP_vM_ls_q_eq.pdf}}
% {\includegraphics[width=6.0cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/ZhaohuiYang/DP_vM_ls_ev_eq.pdf}}
% %\vspace*{-3cm}
% %\mbox{\footnotesize CC-CC-sh}
% %{\includegraph ics[width=5.2cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/ZhaohuiYang/Cam_S_SOC_q_eq.pdf}}
% %{\includegraphics[width=5.2cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/ZhaohuiYang/Cam_S_SOC_ev_eq.pdf}}
% %\mbox{\footnotesize CC-CC-sh}
% {\includegraphics[width=6.0cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/ZhaohuiYang/Cam_S_HOC_q_eq.pdf}}
% {\includegraphics[width=6.0cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/ZhaohuiYang/Cam_S_HOC_ev_eq.pdf}}
% \vspace*{-3cm}
% \\
% %\mbox{\footnotesize DP-MD-th}
% %{\includegraphics[width=5.2cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/ZhaohuiYang/DP_MD_ltmd_NC_q_eq.pdf}}
% %{\includegraphics[width=5.2cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/ZhaohuiYang/DP_MD_ltmd_NC_ev_eq.pdf}}
% %\mbox{\footnotesize DP-MD-th}
% {\includegraphics[width=6.0cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/ZhaohuiYang/DP_MD_ltmd_HOC_q_eq.pdf}}
% {\includegraphics[width=6.0cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/ZhaohuiYang/DP_MD_ltmd_HOC_ev_eq.pdf}}
% %\vspace*{-3cm}
% %\mbox{\footnotesize CC-CC-th}
% %{\includegraphics[width=5.2cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/ZhaohuiYang/Cam01_SOC_cyc_q_eq.pdf}}
% %{\includegraphics[width=5.2cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/ZhaohuiYang/Cam01_SOC_cyc_ev_eq.pdf}}
% %\mbox{\footnotesize DP-MD-th}
% {\includegraphics[width=6.0cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/ZhaohuiYang/DP_MD_ltmd_cyc_q_eq.pdf}}
% {\includegraphics[width=6.0cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/ZhaohuiYang/DP_MD_ltmd_cyc_ev_eq.pdf}}
% \end{center}
% \end{figure}
% %
%


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\slide{3D Solid Elements}
\begin{large}



Three types of brick elements: 
  \begin{itemize}
    \item 8 node brick element \verb!Brick8N! \\
\begin{small}
    \verb!#_______________tag_____8 nodes_____matID__bforce1_bforce2_bforce3_rho!\\
    \verb!element Brick8N  1  1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8  1      0.0     0.0    $g    $rho!
\end{small}
      
    \item 20 node  brick element \verb!Brick20N! 
    \item 27 node  brick element \verb!Brick27N! 
  \end{itemize}


%
\begin{figure}[!hbpt]
\begin{center}
{\includegraphics[width=12truecm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Presentation/2004/OpenSeesWorkshop/20nodebrick.jpg}}
\end{center}
\end{figure}


%
\end{large}
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\slide{Examples}
\begin{large}



  \begin{itemize}
    \item \verb!Pure_Shear_Test.ops!
    \item \verb!Triaxial_Test.ops!
    \item \verb!Simple_Shear_Test.ops!
  \end{itemize}


%
\begin{figure}[!hbpt]
\begin{center}
\vspace*{-5truecm}
{\includegraphics[width=12truecm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Presentation/2004/OpenSeesWorkshop/PureShear_Model.pdf}}
\hfill
{\includegraphics[width=12truecm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Presentation/2004/OpenSeesWorkshop/CTC_Model.pdf}}
\vspace*{-6truecm}
\end{center}
\end{figure}


%
\end{large}
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\slide{Template  Examples}



\vspace*{-0.5cm}

\begin{figure}[!hbpt]
\begin{center}
{\includegraphics[width=5.5cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/ZhaohuiYang/DP_DP_pp_q_eq.pdf}}
{\includegraphics[width=5.5cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/ZhaohuiYang/DP_DP_pp_ev_eq.pdf}}
\hspace*{0.4cm}
{\includegraphics[width=5.5cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/ZhaohuiYang/DP_vM_ls_q_eq.pdf}}
{\includegraphics[width=5.5cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/ZhaohuiYang/DP_vM_ls_ev_eq.pdf}}
\vspace*{-3cm}
\\
{\includegraphics[width=5.5cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/ZhaohuiYang/Cam_S_SOC_q_eq.pdf}}
{\includegraphics[width=5.5cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/ZhaohuiYang/Cam_S_SOC_ev_eq.pdf}}
\hspace*{0.4cm}
{\includegraphics[width=5.5cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/ZhaohuiYang/Cam_S_HOC_q_eq.pdf}}
{\includegraphics[width=5.5cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/ZhaohuiYang/Cam_S_HOC_ev_eq.pdf}}
\vspace*{-3cm}
\\
{\includegraphics[width=5.45cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/ZhaohuiYang/DP_MD_ltmd_NC_q_eq.pdf}}
{\includegraphics[width=5.45cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/ZhaohuiYang/DP_MD_ltmd_NC_ev_eq.pdf}}
\hspace*{0.4cm}
{\includegraphics[width=5.45cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/ZhaohuiYang/DP_MD_ltmd_HOC_q_eq.pdf}}
{\includegraphics[width=5.45cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/ZhaohuiYang/DP_MD_ltmd_HOC_ev_eq.pdf}}
\end{center}
\end{figure}
%

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\slide{Template Cyclic Examples}

\vspace*{-1cm}

%
\begin{figure}[!hbpt]
\begin{center}
{\includegraphics[width=6.2cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/ZhaohuiYang/DP_vM_nlt_cyc_q_eq.pdf}}
{\includegraphics[width=6.2cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/ZhaohuiYang/DP_vM_nlt_cyc_ev_eq.pdf}}
\vspace*{-3cm}
\\
{\includegraphics[width=6.2cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/ZhaohuiYang/Cam01_SOC_cyc_q_eq.pdf}}
{\includegraphics[width=6.2cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/ZhaohuiYang/Cam01_SOC_cyc_ev_eq.pdf}}
\vspace*{-3cm}
\\
{\includegraphics[width=6.2cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/ZhaohuiYang/DP_MD_ltmd_cyc_q_eq.pdf}}
{\includegraphics[width=6.2cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/ZhaohuiYang/DP_MD_ltmd_cyc_ev_eq.pdf}}
\end{center}
\end{figure}
%
\vspace*{-2cm}




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\slide{Winkler Spings (aka PY springs)}


\begin{large}



  \begin{itemize}
    \vspace*{0.2truecm}
    \begin{small}
    \item \verb!uniaxialMaterial PySimple1 matTag? soilType? pult? y50? Cd? <c>!\\
    \vspace*{0.2truecm}
    \item \verb!uniaxialMaterial TzSimple1 matTag? tzType? tult? z50? <c>!\\
    \vspace*{0.2truecm}
    \item  \verb!uniaxialMaterial QzSimple1 matTag? qzType? qult? z50? <suction?  c?>! \\
    
    \vspace*{0.3truecm}
    \item \verb!uniaxialMaterial PySimple1 1 1 100 0.01 0.0! 
    \item \verb!element zeroLength 2 2 3 -mat 1 -dir 1! 
    \end{small}

    \vspace*{0.5truecm}
    \item  Type is usually set to 1 for clay and 2 for sand.
    \item  Note that \texttt{p} and \texttt{pult}  \texttt{p} are
distributed loads [force per length of pile] in common design equations, but are both loads for
this uniaxialMaterial [i.e., distributed load times the tributary length of the pile].

  \end{itemize}




%
\end{large}



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\slide{Full Coupling of Solid and Fluid }
\begin{large}



\begin{itemize}

\vspace*{0.5cm}
\item  General  form, full coupling, (currently only small deformations)


\vspace*{0.5cm}
\item DOFs: $\bar{u}_{Lj} \rightarrow$ solid displacement
$\bar{p}_L \rightarrow$ fluid pressure
$\bar{U}_{Lj} \rightarrow$ fluid displacement


\vspace*{0.5cm}
    \item 8 node brick element \verb!Brick8N_u_p_U! \\
\begin{small}
    \verb!#(28 args)____________tag____8 nodes____matID_bforce1_bforce2_bforce3! \\
    \verb!                 porosity alpha solid_density fluid_density! \\
    \verb!                     perm_x perm_y perm_z s_bulk_modu f_bulk_modu pressure!\\
    \verb!element Brick8N_u_p_U 1  5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4   1     0.0    0.0    -9.81 ! \\
    \verb!                    0.8     1.0       1.8            1.0 ! \\
    \verb!                      10e-5  10e-5   10e-5    10e5         10e5     0!
\end{small}
      
\vspace*{0.5cm}
    \item 20 node  brick element \verb!Brick20N_u_p_U! 

%\vspace*{1.0cm}
%\item
%% 
\end{itemize}

%%   \vspace*{-1.0cm}
%%   
%%   \begin{small}
%%    \begin{eqnarray}
%%    \left[
%%    \begin{array}{ccc}
%%     (M_s)_{KijL} & 0 & 0 \\
%%    0         & 0 & 0 \\
%%    0 & 0 & (M_f)_{KijL} \\
%%    \end{array}
%%    \right]
%%    \left[
%%    \begin{array}{c}
%%    \ddot{\bar{u}}_{Lj} \\
%%    \ddot{\bar{p}}_L \\
%%    \ddot{\bar{U}}_{Lj} \\
%%    \end{array}
%%    \right]
%%    +
%%    \left[
%%    \begin{array}{ccc}
%%    (C_1)_{KijL} & 0 & -(C_2)_{KijL} \\
%%    0         & 0 & 0 \\
%%    -(C_2)_{LjiK} & 0 & (C_3)_{KijL} \\
%%    \end{array}
%%    \right]
%%    \left[
%%    \begin{array}{c}
%%    \dot{\bar{u}}_{Lj} \\
%%    \dot{\bar{p}}_L \\
%%    \dot{\bar{U}}_{Lj} \\
%%    \end{array}
%%    \right]      \nonumber\\
%%     +
%%    \left[
%%    \begin{array}{ccc}
%%    (K^{EP})_{KijL} &  -(G_1)_{KiL}  & 0 \\
%%     -(G_1)_{LjK} &  -(P)_{KL} & -(G_2)_{LjK}  \\
%%     0  & -(G_2)_{KiL}   & 0 \\
%%    \end{array}
%%    \right]
%%    \left[
%%    \begin{array}{c}
%%    {\bar{u}}_{Lj} \\
%%    {\bar{p}}_L \\
%%    {\bar{U}}_{Lj} \\
%%    \end{array}
%%    \right]
%%    =
%%    \left[
%%    \begin{array}{c}
%%    ({\bar{f}}_s)_{Ki} \\
%%    {0}                \\
%%    ({\bar{f}}_f)_{Ki} \\
%%    \end{array}
%%    \right]
%%    \label{61a}
%%    \nonumber
%%    \end{eqnarray}
%%    %
%%   
%%   %\vspace*{1.0cm}
%%   %where
%%   
%%     \begin{eqnarray}
%%    (C_1)_{KijL} =  (C_2)_{KijL}  =  (C_3)_{KijL}
%%     =
%%    \int_\Omega N_K^{u,U} n^2 k_{ij}^{-1} N_L^{u,U} d\Omega \nonumber\\
%%   \nonumber
%%   \end{eqnarray}
%%   
%%   \end{small}



%
\end{large}
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\slide{ Plastic Bowl Loading \\(aka Domain Reduction Method)}


\begin{large}
\begin{itemize}
  \item  Based on work by Bielak et al.  at CMU.
%  \item Superposition of the large scale domain $+$ local geologic  feature
  \item Seismic motions  and  accelerations input  at the layer of
  elements that encompass an elastic--plastic zone (using SHAKE,
  Green's functions, Quake, SCEC...), non--reflective boundaries
  \item \small{\verb!pattern PBowlLoading 1 -pbele "$Dir/PBElements.dat" ! \\
  \verb!       -acce "$Dir/Inp_acce.dat" -disp "$Dir/Inp_disp.dat" -dt 0.02 !\\
  \verb!            -factor 1 -xp 6.0 -xm -6.0 -yp 6.0 -ym -6.0 -zp 0.0 -zm -17.5!}
\end{itemize}
\end{large}

\begin{normalsize}
\begin{figure}[!htbp]
%\vspace*{0.50cm}
\begin{center}
{\includegraphics[width=14cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Conferences/2001/PEERInitMeet/DRM01.pdf}}
\vspace*{-1.50cm}
\end{center}
%\vspace*{-0.3cm}
\end{figure}
\end{normalsize}

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\slide{General Large Deformations \\
        Hyperelasto--Plasticity}

\begin{large}



\begin{itemize}
  \item  In  implementation  phase  (issues  with material  models  defined  in 
  terms  of  various stress measures (first and second Piola--Kirchhoff, Mandel,
  Kirchhoff, Cauchy)

%  \item 


\end{itemize}


%  %\vspace*{-1cm}
%  
%  \begin{itemize}
%  
%  \item  LD  ($E_{ij}  =  \frac{1}{2}        \left(    u_{i,j}   +   u_{j,i}   +
%  u_{i,j}u_{j,i}\right)$)
%  vs.  SD ($\epsilon_{ij}=\frac{1}{2} ( u_{i,j} + u_{j,i})$
%  %
%  
%  \item Multiplicative  decomposition of
%  ($F_{ij}  = x_{i,j} =  F_{ki}^{e}  \;  F_{kj}^{p} $)
%  
%  
%  \item  MacLaurin   series   expansion   of   the exponent of flow direction,
%  %$ \exp{\left( -\Delta \lambda {}^{n+1} \! \bar{M}_{lj} \right)} =  \delta_{lj}
%  %-  \Delta \lambda {}^{n+1} \! \bar{M}_{lj} + \frac{1}{2}
%  %\left(  \Delta \lambda {}^{n+1} \! \bar{M}_{ls}\right)
%  %\left(  \Delta \lambda {}^{n+1} \! \bar{M}_{sj}\right) + \cdots$ )
%  for {\it general anisotropic material} and {\it cyclic loading}
%  
%  \item Stress measures (first and second Piola--Kirchhoff, Mandel, Kirchhoff, Cauchy)
%  
%  \end{itemize}
%  
%  \begin{figure}[htb]
%  \vspace*{-5.5cm}
%  \begin{center}
%  {\includegraphics[width=12.0cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Proposals/1999/LDGeomechanics/Error.pdf}}
%  \hfill
%  {\includegraphics[width=12.0cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/psfigures/MultDecomp05.pdf}}
%  \end{center}
%  \vspace*{-9.5cm}
%  %\vspace*{-0.5cm}
%  \end{figure}
%  %
%  
%  
%  
%  
%  %
%  \end{large}
%  %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%  %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%  %\slide{Hyperelasto--Plasticity}
%  \slide{Hyperelastic Examples}
%  
%  \begin{large}
%  

%  \vspace*{-1cm}
%  
%  \includegraphics[width=10cm]{./eps_files/ssforce_10.eps}
%  %\caption{\label{sstraction06} Simple shear: shear traction $t$ vs. shear strain $\gamma$}
%  
%  \includegraphics[width=10cm]{./eps_files/ss13_10.eps}
%  %\caption{\label{ss1306} Simple shear: stress $\sigma_{13}$ vs. shear strain $\gamma$}
%  \includegraphics[width=10cm]{./eps_files/ss11_10.eps}
%  %\caption{\label{ss1106} Simple shear: stress $\sigma_{11}$ vs. shear strain $\gamma$}
%  
%  \includegraphics[width=10cm]{./eps_files/ss22_10.eps}
%  %\caption{\label{ss2206} Simple shear: stress $\sigma_{22}$ vs. shear strain $\gamma$}
%  \includegraphics[width=10cm]{./eps_files/ss33_10.eps}
%  %\caption{\label{ss3306} Simple shear: stress $\sigma_{33}$ vs. shear strain $\gamma$}
%  
%  \includegraphics[width=10cm]{./eps_files/puForce.eps}
%  %\caption{\label{puf} Uniaxial tension: tensive traction $t$ (undeformed reference) vs. tensive strain $\gamma$}
%  
%  
%  \includegraphics[width=10cm]{./eps_files/puStress.eps}
%  %\caption{\label{pus} Uniaxial tension: stress $\sigma_{33}$ vs. tensive strain $\gamma$}
%  
%  \includegraphics[width=10cm]{./eps_files/pvForce.eps}
%  %\caption{\label{pvf} Volumetric deformation: volumn pressure $p$ (undeformed reference) vs. volumn ratio $J$}
%  
%  \includegraphics[width=10cm]{./eps_files/pvStress.eps}
%  %\caption{\label{pvs} Volumetric deformation: volumn stress $p_{m}$ vs. volumn ratio $J$}
%  
%  

\begin{figure}[htb]
\vspace*{-3.5cm}
\begin{center}
%{\includegraphics[width=6.0truecm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Papers/2003/LargeDeformations/eps_files/ssforce_10.pdf}}
{\includegraphics[width=12.0truecm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Papers/2003/LargeDeformations/eps_files/ss13_10.pdf}}
%{\includegraphics[width=6.0truecm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Papers/2003/LargeDeformations/eps_files/ss11_10.pdf}}
%{\includegraphics[width=6.0truecm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Papers/2003/LargeDeformations/eps_files/ss22_10.pdf}}
%{\includegraphics[width=6.0truecm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Papers/2003/LargeDeformations/eps_files/ss33_10.pdf}}
%{\includegraphics[width=6.0truecm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Papers/2003/LargeDeformations/eps_files/puForce.pdf}}
{\includegraphics[width=12.0truecm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Papers/2003/LargeDeformations/eps_files/puStress.pdf}}
%{\includegraphics[width=6.0truecm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Papers/2003/LargeDeformations/eps_files/pvForce.pdf}}
%{\includegraphics[width=8.0truecm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Papers/2003/LargeDeformations/eps_files/pvStress.pdf}}
\end{center}
\vspace*{-6.5cm}
%\vspace*{-0.5cm}
\end{figure}
%




\end{large}


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\slide{Distributed Memory \\ Parallel Computing}

\begin{large}

\begin{itemize}

  \item Distributed memory parallel (DMP) computational model.

  \item  Portable  from  Beowulf  clusters  (local  networks,  bootable  CDs) to
  commercial parallel machines.

%  \item

\end{itemize}


\end{large}

\vspace*{-3.5cm}


\begin{figure}[htb]
%\vspace*{-15.5cm}
\begin{center}
{\includegraphics[height=6.0cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/RituJain/noweight.jpg}}
{\includegraphics[height=6.0cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/RituJain/10weight.jpg}}
{\includegraphics[height=6.0cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/RituJain/1000weight.jpg}}
\end{center}
\vspace{-9.5cm}
%\vspace*{-0.5cm}
\end{figure}
%






%
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\slide{Pre-- and Post--Processing}



\begin{large}


\begin{itemize}

\vspace*{2.0cm}
\item  Many  small  packages  around, available for UNIX--like (including Apple) and/or MS Windows
systems.


\vspace*{2.0cm}
\item Work on pre and post processing packages that are problem specific

\vspace*{2.0cm}
\item Use Matlab, Mathematica, GNUplot, Excell for simple post-processing



\end{itemize}

\end{large}


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\slide{Joey3D}


\vspace*{-0.50cm}
\begin{figure}[!hbpt]
\begin{center}
{\includegraphics[width=9.5cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/ZhaohuiYang/Visual_Joey3D/Joey_Example61.jpg}} 
%{\includegraphics[width=4.5cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/ZhaohuiYang/SinglePiles/sp_deformed_SCS1.jpg}}
{\includegraphics[width=9.5cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/ZhaohuiYang/Visual_Joey3D/Joey_Example_Sig_ZZ.jpg}}
\\
{\includegraphics[width=9.5cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/ZhaohuiYang/SinglePiles/Joey_Example.jpg}} 
{\includegraphics[width=9.5cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/ZhaohuiYang/SinglePiles/Joey_Example7.jpg}} 
\end{center}
\end{figure}
\vspace*{-1.0cm}

\clearpage

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\slide{Phantom}

%\vspace*{-0.5cm}
\vspace*{0.5cm}

 \begin{figure}[!hbpt]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[height=6.5cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Papers/2001/Visualization/pic16.pdf}
\includegraphics[height=6.5cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Papers/2001/Visualization/pic22.pdf}
\includegraphics[height=6.5cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Papers/2001/Visualization/pic29.pdf}
\\
\vspace*{0.45cm}
{\includegraphics[height=6.50cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Papers/2001/Visualization/pic71.pdf}}
{\includegraphics[height=6.50cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Papers/2001/Visualization/pic33.pdf}}
{\includegraphics[height=6.50cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Papers/2001/Visualization/pic80.pdf}}
% \includegraphics[height=5.5cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Papers/2001/Visualization/pic18.jpg}
% \includegraphics[height=5.5cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Papers/2001/Visualization/pic19.jpg}
% \includegraphics[height=5.5cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Papers/2001/Visualization/pic20.jpg}
% \\
% \vspace*{0.15cm}
% \includegraphics[height=5.5cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Papers/2001/Visualization/pic40.jpg}
% \includegraphics[height=5.5cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Papers/2001/Visualization/pic41.jpg}
% \includegraphics[height=5.5cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Papers/2001/Visualization/pic42.jpg}
% %\includegraphics[height=5.5cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Papers/2001/Visualization/pic46.jpg}
% %\includegraphics[height=5.5cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Papers/2001/Visualization/pic47.jpg}
%\includegraphics[height=5.5cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Papers/2001/Visualization/pic48.jpg}
% \\
% \vspace*{0.15cm}
% {\includegraphics[height=5.5cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Papers/2001/Visualization/pic71.jpg}}
% {\includegraphics[height=5.5cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Papers/2001/Visualization/pic33.jpg}}
% {\includegraphics[height=5.5cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Papers/2001/Visualization/pic80.jpg}}
\end{center}
\end{figure}
\vspace*{-1.0cm}

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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\slide{Geotechnical Applications}
\begin{large}

\begin{itemize}

\vspace*{1.0cm}
\item Constitutive behavior of test specimens

\vspace*{1.0cm}
\item Behavior of piles in layered soils

\vspace*{1.0cm}
\item Interactions of piles in pile groups

\vspace*{1.0cm}
\item Wave propagation in saturated soils

\vspace*{1.0cm}
\item Seismic behavior of soils and soil-structure interactions

%\vspace*{1.0cm}
%\item

\end{itemize}
%
\end{large}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

\slide{ Long Specimen}

\begin{large}

%
\begin{figure}[!hbpt]
\begin{center}
{\includegraphics[width=3.8truecm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/ZhaohuiYang/Cube/Cu2_1_pl_lev01.jpg}}
{\includegraphics[width=3.8truecm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/ZhaohuiYang/Cube/Cu2_1_pl_lev02.jpg}}
{\includegraphics[width=3.8truecm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/ZhaohuiYang/Cube/Cu2_1_pl_lev03.jpg}}
{\includegraphics[width=3.8truecm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/ZhaohuiYang/Cube/Cu2_1_pl_lev04.jpg}}
{\includegraphics[width=3.8truecm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/ZhaohuiYang/Cube/Cu2_1_pl_lev05.jpg}}
{\includegraphics[width=3.8truecm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/ZhaohuiYang/Cube/Cu2_1_pl_lev06.jpg}}
%
%{\includegraphics[width=3.8truecm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/ZhaohuiYang/Cube/Cu2_1_pl_lev07.jpg}}
%{\includegraphics[width=3.8truecm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/ZhaohuiYang/Cube/Cu2_1_pl_lev08.jpg}}
{\includegraphics[width=3.8truecm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/ZhaohuiYang/Cube/Cu2_1_pl_lev09.jpg}}
%{\includegraphics[width=3.8truecm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/ZhaohuiYang/Cube/Cu2_1_pl_lev10.jpg}}
%{\includegraphics[width=3.8truecm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/ZhaohuiYang/Cube/Cu2_1_pl_lev11.jpg}}
{\includegraphics[width=3.8truecm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/ZhaohuiYang/Cube/Cu2_1_pl_lev12.jpg}}
%{\includegraphics[width=3.8truecm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/ZhaohuiYang/Cube/Cu2_1_pl_lev13.jpg}}
%{\includegraphics[width=3.8truecm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/ZhaohuiYang/Cube/Cu2_1_pl_lev14.jpg}}
{\includegraphics[width=3.8truecm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/ZhaohuiYang/Cube/Cu2_1_pl_lev15.jpg}}
{\includegraphics[width=3.8truecm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/ZhaohuiYang/Cube/Cu2_1_pl_lev16.jpg}}
{\includegraphics[width=3.8truecm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/ZhaohuiYang/Cube/Cu2_1_pl_lev17.jpg}}
{\includegraphics[width=3.8truecm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/ZhaohuiYang/Cube/Cu2_1_pl_lev18.jpg}}
%\caption{\label{deformed_cubic2_1}  Deformed  elongated  specimen
%propagation  of  plastic zone for a simulation using $10 \times
%10\times 20$ mesh with fixed level end platens.}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

\vspace*{-0.8cm}


Progression  of  plastic  zone  for  a  long  specimen  with high friction end
platens



\end{large}


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\slide{ Non--Level End Platens}


%
\begin{figure}[!hbpt]
\begin{center}
{\includegraphics[width=4truecm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/ZhaohuiYang/Cube/Cu2_1_pl_Inc02.jpg}}
{\includegraphics[width=4truecm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/ZhaohuiYang/Cube/Cu2_1_pl_Inc03.jpg}}
{\includegraphics[width=4truecm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/ZhaohuiYang/Cube/Cu2_1_pl_Inc04.jpg}}
{\includegraphics[width=4truecm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/ZhaohuiYang/Cube/Cu2_1_pl_Inc05.jpg}}
{\includegraphics[width=4truecm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/ZhaohuiYang/Cube/Cu2_1_pl_Inc06.jpg}}
\\
{\includegraphics[width=4truecm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/ZhaohuiYang/Cube/Cu2_1_pl_Inc07.jpg}}
{\includegraphics[width=4truecm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/ZhaohuiYang/Cube/Cu2_1_pl_Inc08.jpg}}
{\includegraphics[width=4truecm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/ZhaohuiYang/Cube/Cu2_1_pl_Inc09.jpg}}
%{\includegraphics[width=4truecm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/ZhaohuiYang/Cube/Cu2_1_pl_Inc10.jpg}}
{\includegraphics[width=4truecm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/ZhaohuiYang/Cube/Cu2_1_pl_Inc11.jpg}}
{\includegraphics[width=4truecm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/ZhaohuiYang/Cube/Cu2_1_pl_Inc12.jpg}}
%\caption{\label{deformed_elogated_Inc}    Deformed    elongated
%specimen  and  a  propagation  of  plastic zone for a specimen with
%friction and inclined end platens.}
\end{center}
\end{figure}
%
%
%

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\slide{ Constitutive Response?}





%
\begin{figure}[!hbpt]
\vspace*{-1.0cm}
\begin{center}
{\includegraphics[width=12truecm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/ZhaohuiYang/Cube/eq_DiffSam_fri_nof_com.pdf}}
\hfill
{\includegraphics[width=12truecm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/ZhaohuiYang/Cube/Phi_Cu21_Inclined_fri_com.pdf}}
%\caption{\label{Inclined_response02}    Comparison    of    the
%mobilized  friction  angle at 2\% shear strain for various max.
%inclinations of end platens. Actual material friction angle is
%$37^{o}$.}
\end{center}
\vspace*{-8.0cm}
\end{figure}
%

%  %
%  %      %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%  %      \slide{ Constitutive Response?}
%  %      
%  %      
%  %      
%  %      
%  %      
%  %      %
%  %      \begin{figure}[!hbpt]
%  %      \vspace*{-6.0cm}
%  %      \begin{center}
%  %      %{\includegraphics[width=12truecm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/ZhaohuiYang/Cube/eq_DiffSam_fri_nof_com.pdf}}
%  %      %\hfill
%  %      {\includegraphics[width=22truecm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/ZhaohuiYang/Cube/Phi_Cu21_Inclined_fri_com.pdf}}
%  %      %\caption{\label{Inclined_response02}    Comparison    of    the
%  %      %mobilized  friction  angle at 2\% shear strain for various max.
%  %      %inclinations of end platens. Actual material friction angle is
%  %      %$37^{o}$.}
%  %      \end{center}
%  %      \vspace*{-8.0cm}
%  %      \end{figure}
%  %      %

%  %
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
%  %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
%  \slide{ Non--level End Platens}
%
%
%  %\vspace*{-0.5cm}
%  %
%  \begin{figure}[!hbpt]
%  \begin{center}
%  {\includegraphics[width=3truecm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/ZhaohuiYang/Cube/Cu2_1_pl_Inc02.jpg}}
%  {\includegraphics[width=3truecm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/ZhaohuiYang/Cube/Cu2_1_pl_Inc04.jpg}}
%  {\includegraphics[width=3truecm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/ZhaohuiYang/Cube/Cu2_1_pl_Inc06.jpg}}
%  {\includegraphics[width=3truecm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/ZhaohuiYang/Cube/Cu2_1_pl_Inc07.jpg}}
%  {\includegraphics[width=3truecm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/ZhaohuiYang/Cube/Cu2_1_pl_Inc09.jpg}}
%  {\includegraphics[width=3truecm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/ZhaohuiYang/Cube/Cu2_1_pl_Inc11.jpg}}
%  {\includegraphics[width=3truecm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/ZhaohuiYang/Cube/Cu2_1_pl_Inc12.jpg}}
%  %\caption{\label{deformed_elogated_Inc}    Deformed    elongated
%  %specimen  and  a  propagation  of  plastic zone for a specimen with
%  %friction and inclined end platens.}
%  \end{center}
%  \end{figure}
%  %
%
%
%  %
%  \begin{figure}[!hbpt]
%  \vspace*{-4.0cm}
%  \begin{center}
%  %{\includegraphics[width=12truecm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/ZhaohuiYang/Cube/eq_DiffSam_fri_nof_com.pdf}}
%  %\hfill
%  {\includegraphics[width=12truecm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/ZhaohuiYang/Cube/Phi_Cu21_Inclined_fri_com.pdf}}
%  %\caption{\label{Inclined_response02}    Comparison    of    the
%  %mobilized  friction  angle at 2\% shear strain for various max.
%  %inclinations of end platens. Actual material friction angle is
%  %$37^{o}$.}
%  \end{center}
%  \vspace*{-8.0cm}
%  \end{figure}
%

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\slide{ Single Pile in Layered Soils}

\vspace*{-4.5truecm}


\begin{figure}[!htbp]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=11.0cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/ZhaohuiYang/SinglePiles/MQP_dsand_UFmid2hdp0.pdf}
\hfill
\includegraphics[width=11.0cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/ZhaohuiYang/SinglePiles/MQP_sand_wsfclay_UFmid2hdp0.pdf}
\end{center}
%\vspace*{-0.3cm}
\end{figure}

\vspace*{-4.5truecm}
\begin{normalsize}
\begin{figure}[!hbpt]
\begin{center}
%{\includegraphics[height=7.5cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/ZhaohuiYang/SinglePiles/spUF_plastified_clay_xz_gs.jpg}}
%{\includegraphics[height=7.5cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/ZhaohuiYang/SinglePiles/spUF_plastified_clay_sand_xz_gs.jpg}}
{\includegraphics[height=8.0cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/ZhaohuiYang/SinglePiles/spUF_plastified_sand_xz_gs.jpg}}
\hfill
\includegraphics[width=6cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/ZhaohuiYang/SinglePiles/spUFmesh.jpg}
\hfill
{\includegraphics[height=8.0cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/ZhaohuiYang/SinglePiles/spUF_plastified_sand_clay_xz_gs.jpg}}
\end{center}
\vspace*{-1truecm}
\end{figure}
\end{normalsize}




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\slide{ $p-y$ Response for Single Pile in Layered Soils}


\begin{figure}[!htbp]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=12.0cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/ZhaohuiYang/SinglePiles/p_y_dsand_UFmid2hdp0.pdf}
\hfill
\includegraphics[width=12.0cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/ZhaohuiYang/SinglePiles/p_y_sand_sfclay_UFmid2hdp0.pdf}
\end{center}
%\vspace*{-0.3cm}
\end{figure}


\begin{large}
\begin{itemize}
\item Influence of soft layers propagates to stiff layers and vice versa
\item Can have significant effects in soils with many layers
\end{itemize}
\end{large}


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%%%%%%%%%%%%%


%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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\slide{Examples}
\begin{large}



  \begin{itemize}
    \item Series of files in \verb!SPtcl! and \verb!SinglePileModel!  directory
    \item Single pile (elastic, solid beam or beam-column) in soil (solids)
    \item Stages of loading (self weight of soil only, static pushover)
%    \item 
  \end{itemize}


%
\begin{figure}[!hbpt]
\begin{center}
%\vspace*{-1truecm}
\hspace*{2cm}
\includegraphics[width=8cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/ZhaohuiYang/SinglePiles/spUFmesh.jpg}
\hfill
{\includegraphics[width=9truecm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Presentation/2004/OpenSeesWorkshop/732_ele_model.jpg}}
\hspace*{2cm}
\vspace*{-1truecm}
\end{center}
\end{figure}


%
\end{large}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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\slide{ Pile Group Simulations}

\vspace*{-0.8cm}
\begin{figure}[!hbpt]
\begin{center}
{\includegraphics*[width=12cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/ZhaohuiYang/PileGroups/p4X3_Joey_iso.pdf}}
\hfill
{\includegraphics*[width=12cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/ZhaohuiYang/PileGroups/p4X3_PlasticZone_iso.pdf}}
%\hfill
%{\includegraphics[width=8cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/ZhaohuiYang/PileGroups/p4X3_PlasticZone_xz.pdf}}
%\\
\end{center}
\vspace*{-2.3cm}
\end{figure}

\begin{large}
\begin{itemize}
\item 4x3 pile group model and plastic zones
\end{itemize}
\end{large}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\slide{ Out of Plane Effects}

\begin{figure}[!hbpt]
\vspace*{-0.3cm}
\begin{center}
{\includegraphics[height=13cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/ZhaohuiYang/PileGroups/Mx_4x3_4piles_com_dense.jpg}}
%\hfill
{\includegraphics[height=13cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/ZhaohuiYang/PileGroups/p4X3_deformedPile_Y.jpg}}
\end{center}
\end{figure}
\vspace*{-1.0cm}
%
\begin{large}
\begin{itemize}
\item Out-of-loading-plane bending moment diagram,
\item Out-of-loading-plane deformation.
\end{itemize}
\end{large}


%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\slide{ Load Distribution per Pile}

\begin{figure}[!h]
\vspace*{-6.3cm}
\begin{center}
{\includegraphics*[width=22cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/ZhaohuiYang/PileGroups/LoadRatio_per_pile_Dense_pg4x3.pdf}}
\end{center}
\end{figure}
\vspace*{-8.3cm}

%\begin{large}
%\begin{itemize}
%\item Load distribution per pile.
%\end{itemize}
%\end{large}


%
%
%  \begin{figure}[!htbp]
%  \begin{center}
%  \vspace*{-0.3cm}
%  \hspace*{8.3cm}
%  {\includegraphics[width=12.0cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Conferences/2001/EngMechSD/Dynamics/Present/pilegroupELPLFAS.pdf}}
%  \\
%  \vspace*{-6.3cm}
%  {\includegraphics[width=8.50cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Conferences/2001/EngMechSD/Dynamics/Present/singlepile02.pdf}}
%  \hfill
%  {\includegraphics[width=12.0cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Conferences/2001/EngMechSD/Dynamics/Present/RinaldiFAS.pdf}}
%  \vspace*{-0.50cm}
%  \end{center}
%  %\vspace*{-0.3cm}
%  \end{figure}
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\slide{ Piles Interaction at -2.0m}



%\vspace*{-1.3cm}
\begin{figure}[!hbpt]
\begin{center}
{\includegraphics[width=20cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/ZhaohuiYang/PileGroups/pg4x3_p_y_allpiles_20.jpg}}
\end{center}
%\vspace*{-1.3cm}
\end{figure}

\begin{large}
\begin{itemize}
\item  Note the difference in response curves (cannot scale single pile response
for multiple piles)
\end{itemize}
\end{large}




%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\slide{Validation with Centrifuge Tests}

\begin{figure}[!hbpt]
\vspace*{-8.3cm}
\begin{center}
{\includegraphics[width=22.0cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/ZhaohuiYang/PileGroups/Com_LoadRatio_per_row_Dense_pg4x3.pdf}}
\end{center}
\vspace*{-8.3cm}
\end{figure}
%
%
%   \begin{large}
%   \begin{itemize}
%   \item Good agreement for larger loads
%   \end{itemize}
%   \end{large}
%
%
%

%  %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
%
%  \slide{ Single Pile in Layered Soils}
%
%
%
%  \vspace*{-0.0cm}
%
%  \begin{figure}[!hbpt]
%  \begin{center}
%  %\vspace*{2.0cm}
%  {\includegraphics[width=4.0cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/ZhaohuiYang/SinglePiles/SinglePile_CS_color.pdf}}
%  \hspace*{2.5cm}
%  {\includegraphics[width=5.0cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/ZhaohuiYang/SinglePiles/spUFmesh.jpg}}
%  \end{center}
%  \end{figure}
%
%
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%  \begin{figure}[!hbpt]
%  \begin{center}
%  %\vspace*{1.5cm}
%  {\includegraphics[width=13.0cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/ZhaohuiYang/SinglePiles/MQP_sfclay_sand_UF2hdp0.pdf}}
%  \hspace*{-1.5cm}
%  {\includegraphics[width=13.0cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/ZhaohuiYang/SinglePiles/MQP_sand_wsfclay_UFmid2hdp0.pdf}}
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%  %      \slide{ Layering Effects (S--C--S)}
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%  %      %\vspace*{-1.0cm}
%  %      \begin{figure}[!hbpt]
%  %      \begin{center}
%  %      %\vspace*{1.0cm}
%  %      {\includegraphics[width=16.0cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/ZhaohuiYang/SinglePiles/P_ReductionRatio_sand3casesdp0.pdf}}
%  %      \end{center}
%  %      \end{figure}
%  %      
%  %      \begin{large}
%  %      %\begin{itemize}
%  %      %   \vspace*{-0.2cm}
%  %      %   \item
%  %         Strength reduction (layering effects) extending to  4xD (in this case)
%  %      %\end{itemize}
%  %      \end{large}
%  %      %
%  %      
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\slide{ Seismic Wave Propagation Model}

\begin{figure}[!h]
\vspace*{-0.8cm}
\begin{center}
{\includegraphics[width=8cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/JinxiuLiao/thesis/figures/model1a.jpg}}
\\
\vspace*{-4.0cm}
{\includegraphics[width=10.5cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/JinxiuLiao/thesis/figures/Inp_acc0507.pdf}}
%\hfill
{\includegraphics[width=10.5cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/JinxiuLiao/thesis/figures/Inp_dis0507.pdf}}
\vspace*{-4.8cm}
\end{center}
\end{figure}



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\slide{ Seismic Wave Propagation \\ Soft Soil}


\begin{figure}[!h]
%\begin{center}
\vspace*{-3.5cm}
{\includegraphics[width=13.5cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/JinxiuLiao/thesis/figures/TS/DL_SS.pdf}}
\hspace{-1.8cm}
{\includegraphics[width=13.7cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/JinxiuLiao/thesis/figures/TS/DY_SS.pdf}}
\vspace*{-5.0cm}
%\end{center}
\end{figure}



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\slide{ Seismic Wave Propagation \\ Stiff Soil}


\begin{figure}[!h]
%\begin{center}
\vspace*{-2.5cm}
{\includegraphics[width=13.5cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/JinxiuLiao/thesis/figures/TS/DL_TS.pdf}}
\hspace{-1.8cm}
{\includegraphics[width=13.5cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/JinxiuLiao/thesis/figures/TS/DY_TS.pdf}}
\vspace*{-5.0cm}
%\end{center}
\end{figure}



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\slide{ SSI Model}

\begin{figure}[!h]
\vspace*{-0.0cm}
\begin{center}
{\includegraphics[width=10cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Conferences/2003/7USNCCM/PlasticBowl/model3.jpg}}
\\
\vspace*{-4.8cm}
{\includegraphics[width=10.5cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/JinxiuLiao/newthesis/figures/Model3/AT.pdf}}
%\hfill
{\includegraphics[width=10.5cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/JinxiuLiao/newthesis/figures/Model3/DT.pdf}}
\vspace*{-2.8cm}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

\begin{large}
Files in directory \verb!DRMtcl!
\end{large}



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\slide{ SSI Model Free Field \\ Stiff Elastic--Plastic Soil}



\begin{figure}[!h]
%\begin{center}
\vspace*{-2.5cm}
{\includegraphics[width=13.5cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Conferences/2003/7USNCCM/PlasticBowl/DL_T617.pdf}}
\hspace{-1.8cm}
{\includegraphics[width=13.5cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Conferences/2003/7USNCCM/PlasticBowl/DY_T617.pdf}}
\vspace*{-5.0cm}
%\end{center}
\end{figure}





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\slide{ SSI Model Pile--Column \\ Stiff Elastic--Plastic Soil}



\begin{figure}[!h]
%\begin{center}
\vspace*{-2.5cm}
{\includegraphics[width=13.5cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Conferences/2003/7USNCCM/PlasticBowl/DL_T615.pdf}}
\hspace{-1.8cm}
{\includegraphics[width=13.5cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Conferences/2003/7USNCCM/PlasticBowl/DY_T615.pdf}}
\vspace*{-5.0cm}
%\end{center}
\end{figure}





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\slide{ SSI Model Free Field \\ Soft Elastic--Plastic Soil}


\begin{figure}[!h]
%\begin{center}
\vspace*{-2.5cm}
{\includegraphics[width=13.5cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Conferences/2003/7USNCCM/PlasticBowl/DL_M617.pdf}}
\hspace{-1.8cm}
{\includegraphics[width=13.5cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Conferences/2003/7USNCCM/PlasticBowl/DY_M617.pdf}}
\vspace*{-5.0cm}
%\end{center}
\end{figure}





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\slide{ SSI Model Pile--Column \\ Soft Elastic--Plastic Soil}


\begin{figure}[!h]
%\begin{center}
\vspace*{-2.5cm}
{\includegraphics[width=13.5cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Conferences/2003/7USNCCM/PlasticBowl/DL_M615.pdf}}
\hspace{-1.8cm}
{\includegraphics[width=13.5cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Conferences/2003/7USNCCM/PlasticBowl/DY_M615.pdf}}
\vspace*{-5.0cm}
%\end{center}
\end{figure}





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\slide{SSI Model: Pile--Column Behavior}


\begin{figure}[!h]
%\begin{center}
\vspace*{-2.5cm}
{\includegraphics[width=13.5cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Conferences/2003/7USNCCM/PlasticBowl/Top_T615.pdf}}
\hspace{-1.8cm}
{\includegraphics[width=13.5cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Conferences/2003/7USNCCM/PlasticBowl/Top_M615.pdf}}
\vspace*{-5.0cm}
%\end{center}
\end{figure}


 \hspace*{4cm} Stiff soil   \hspace*{10cm}  Soft soil



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\slide{SSI Model: Seismic Results}


\begin{figure}[!h]
%\begin{center}
\vspace*{-2.5cm}
{\includegraphics[width=13.5cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/JinxiuLiao/newthesis/figures/Eq_P/P_T_DL_NS.pdf}}
\hspace{-1.8cm}
{\includegraphics[width=13.5cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/JinxiuLiao/newthesis/figures/Eq_P/P_S_DL_NS.pdf}}
\vspace*{-5.0cm}
%\end{center}
\end{figure}


 \hspace*{4cm} Stiff soil   \hspace*{10cm}  Soft soil



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% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% \slide{ Wave Propagation (DRM)}
%
% \begin{figure}[!h]
% \vspace*{-3.8cm}
% \begin{center}
% {\includegraphics[width=8.5cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/JinxiuLiao/thesis/figures/Inp_acc0507.pdf}}
% %\hfill
% {\includegraphics[width=8.5cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/JinxiuLiao/thesis/figures/Inp_dis0507.pdf}}
% \hfill
% {\includegraphics[width=5cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/JinxiuLiao/thesis/figures/model1a.jpg}}
% \end{center}
% \end{figure}
%
% \begin{figure}[!h]
% %\begin{center}
% \vspace*{-6.5cm}
% {\includegraphics[width=12.5cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/JinxiuLiao/thesis/figures/TS/DL_SS.pdf}}
% \hspace{-1cm}
% {\includegraphics[width=12.7cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/JinxiuLiao/thesis/figures/TS/DY_SS.pdf}}
% \vspace*{-5.0cm}
% %\end{center}
% \end{figure}
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\slide{ Wave Propagation in Saturated Soils}


\vspace*{-3.5cm}
\begin{figure}[!hbpt]
\begin{center}
%\includegraphics[width=10cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/XiaoyanWu/06sept2002/40elementlink_2.pdf}
\hspace*{-2cm}
\includegraphics[width=15cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/XiaoyanWu/06sept2002/40elementlink_3.pdf}
\hspace*{-4cm}
\includegraphics[width=15cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/XiaoyanWu/06sept2002/40elementlink_5.pdf}
\hspace*{-2cm}
%\includegraphics[width=10cm]{paper.ps}
\end{center}
\end{figure}


\vspace*{-3.5cm}

Half space, ramp load $k=10^{-3,5}m/s$


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\slide{ Soil--Structure Interaction}

\begin{figure}[!h]
\vspace*{-0.6cm}
\begin{center}
{\includegraphics[width=16cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/JinxiuLiao/soilmeshDEEP02.jpg}}
\hspace*{7cm}
\\
\vspace*{-4cm}
{\includegraphics[width=11cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Presentation/2003/PEER-Site-Visit/I880_system.jpg}}
\hfill
{\includegraphics[width=8cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Presentation/2002/SFBayComputingDay/I-880_02.jpg}}
\vspace*{-4cm}
\end{center}
\end{figure}



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\slide{ SSI Advantageous}
\begin{figure}[!h]
%\begin{center}
\vspace*{-5.2cm}
{\includegraphics[width=12cm]{/home/jeremic/oofep/OpenSees/EXAMPLES/ExampleScripts/I-880_Bent16/Structure/Earthquake/Damping/SFSI-beneficialA.pdf}}
\hfill
{\includegraphics[width=12cm]{/home/jeremic/oofep/OpenSees/EXAMPLES/ExampleScripts/I-880_Bent16/Structure/Earthquake/Damping/SFSI-beneficialB.pdf}}
\vspace*{-1.0cm}
%\end{center}
\end{figure}


\vspace*{2.2cm}

Kobe--JMA

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\slide{ SSI Disadvantageous}
\begin{figure}[!h]
%\begin{center}
\vspace*{-5.2cm}
{\includegraphics[width=12cm]{/home/jeremic/oofep/OpenSees/EXAMPLES/ExampleScripts/I-880_Bent16/Structure/Earthquake/Damping/SFSI-detrimentalA.pdf}}
\hfill
{\includegraphics[width=12cm]{/home/jeremic/oofep/OpenSees/EXAMPLES/ExampleScripts/I-880_Bent16/Structure/Earthquake/Damping/SFSI-detrimentalB.pdf}}
\vspace*{-1.0cm}
%\end{center}
\end{figure}

\vspace*{2.2cm}

LP--Corralitos

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\slide{Conclusions}

\begin{large}


\begin{itemize}

\vspace*{1.0cm}
\item  Examples, lecture notes, executables available at:
\\
\verb!http://sokocalo.engr.ucdavis.edu/~jeremic!
\\
and at
\\
\texttt{http://opensees.berkeley.edu/}

\vspace*{1.0cm}
\item Manual is constantly being improved

\vspace*{1.0cm}
\item  Executables available for both UNIX-like (up--to--date, preferable) and MS Windows.

\vspace*{1.0cm}
\item   MS Windows, soon to have up to date executables


%\vspace*{1.0cm}
%\item


\end{itemize}

\end{large}

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%  \includegraphics[height=6.0truecm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/ZhaohuiYang/Cube/Cubic_el_05.jpg}
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%\vspace*{1cm}

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\end{document}
\bye





