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%Methods, Computation Platform, and Case Studies for 
%Time-Domain Soil-Structures-Interaction Modeling and 
%Simulation Incorporating Complex Seismic Loads



\title[Varying Rock/Soil Profiles]
{3D Analysis of the Influence of \\
 Varying Rock/Soil Profiles on \\
 Seismic NPP Response }


%\subtitle
%{Include Only If Paper Has a Subtitle}

%\author[Author, Another] % (optional, use only with lots of authors)
%{F.~Author\inst{1} \and S.~Another\inst{2}}
% - Give the names in the same order as the appear in the paper.
% - Use the \inst{?} command only if the authors have different
%   affiliation.
\pgfdeclareimage[height=0.25cm]{university-logo}{/home/jeremic/BG/amblemi/ucdavis_logo_blue_sm}
\pgfdeclareimage[height=0.9cm]{lbnl-logo}{/home/jeremic/BG/amblemi/lbnl-logo}
\pgfdeclareimage[height=0.9cm]{USNRC-logo}{/home/jeremic/BG/amblemi/5in-color-bl-nrc-logo}

\author[Jeremi{\'c} et al.] % (optional, use only with lots of authors)
%{Boris~Jeremi{\'c}}
{B. Jeremi{\'c},  
N. Tafazzoli,  
N. Orbovi{\'c},
A. Blahoianu}
 
%\institute[Computational Geomechanics Group \hspace*{0.3truecm}
\institute[\pgfuseimage{university-logo}] % (optional, but mostly needed)
{University of California, Davis, CA, U.S.A.\\
%  and\\ 
Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission, Ottawa, ON, Canada}


\date[] % (optional, should be abbreviation of conference name)
{\small SMiRT 21, New Delhi, India, November 2011}

\subject{}
% This is only inserted into the PDF information catalog. Can be left
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% Structuring a talk is a difficult task and the following structure
% may not be suitable. Here are some rules that apply for this
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%   15 and 30 frames, all told.

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%   just say so once. Everybody will be happy with that.














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\section{Introduction}
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\begin{frame} 
\frametitle{Introduction}
\begin{itemize}
  
\vspace*{0.3cm}
\item High fidelity numerical simulations of seismic effects on NPPs

  \begin{itemize}
    \item    Realistic   seismic   motions  (3D, inclined motions, surface  and 
    body waves, lack of correlation, etc.)
%    \item Realistic material behavior (elastic, elastic-plastic, etc.)
    \item  Realistic  solids  and  structures  modeling 
% (solids, beams, shells,
%contacts, isolators, etc.)
%    \item Verification and Validation
%    \item Education
     
  \end{itemize}

\vspace*{0.3cm}
\item  Understanding 3D, inclined waves and
their interaction with variable soil/rock profiles
  
 
\end{itemize}



\end{frame}
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\section{The Issues and Modelling Approaches}

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\subsection{The Problem}


\begin{frame} 
\frametitle{Seismic Motions}

\begin{itemize}

  \item Seismic motions: Body (SV, SH, P) and Surface (Rayleigh, Love) waves

  \item 3D, inclined, uncorrelated (incoherent)

  \item Effects of soil/rock layers on motions

\end{itemize}


\begin{figure}[!hbpt]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=5.5cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/consulting/2010/CanadianNuclearSafetyComission/Reports/SeismicWavePropagation01.pdf}
%\vspace*{0.2cm}
\includegraphics[width=5.7cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/consulting/2010/CanadianNuclearSafetyComission/Reports/SeismicWavePropagation02.pdf}
\hspace*{-0.8cm}
%\caption{\label{SeismicWavePropagation02}    Propagation    of  seismic waves in
%inclined  (close  to vertical) local geology, with stiffness of soil/rock layers
%increasing  through  geologic  layers,  and  refraction  of  waves away from the
%vertical direction.}
\end{center}
\end{figure}
%

\end{frame}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{frame} 
\frametitle{Spatial Variability (Incoherence, Lack of Correlation)}
\begin{itemize}
  \item Attenuation effects,
\vspace*{0.3cm}
  \item Wave passage effects,
\vspace*{0.3cm}
  \item Scattering effects,
\vspace*{0.3cm}
  \item Extended source effects
\end{itemize}

%\begin{figure}[!htb]
%\begin{center}
\vspace*{-3cm}
\hspace*{5.5cm}
{\includegraphics[width=6cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Conferences/2010/NRC-LBL-ProjectReviewMeeting_21_22_Sept_2010/Lack_of_Correlation.pdf}}
%\caption{\label{LC} Four main sources contributing to the lack of correlation of
%seismic waves as measured at two observation points.}
%\end{center}
%\end{figure}



\end{frame}




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% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% 
% 
% 
% \begin{frame} 
% \frametitle{Seismic Body Waves}
% 
% 
%   \begin{figure}[!hbpt]
% \begin{center}
% %\vspace*{-0.9cm}
% %\hspace*{-1.0cm}
% \includegraphics[width=4.2cm, angle=75]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/consulting/2010/CanadianNuclearSafetyComission/Presentation/P_body_wave.jpeg}
% \hspace*{-0.5cm}
% \includegraphics[width=4.2cm, angle=75]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/consulting/2010/CanadianNuclearSafetyComission/Presentation/S_body_wave.jpeg}
% \end{center}
% \end{figure}
% %
% 
% 
% 
% \end{frame}
% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% 
% 
% 
% \begin{frame} 
% \frametitle{Seismic Surface Waves}
% 
%   \begin{figure}[!hbpt]
% \begin{center}
% \includegraphics[width=4.2cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/consulting/2010/CanadianNuclearSafetyComission/Presentation/Love_surface_wave.jpeg}
% \includegraphics[width=4.2cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/consulting/2010/CanadianNuclearSafetyComission/Presentation/Rayleigh_surface_wave.jpeg}
% \end{center}
% \end{figure}
% %
% 
% 
% 
% \end{frame}
% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% 
 
% 
%  %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%  \begin{frame} 
%  \frametitle{12 Soil/Rock Profiles}
%  
%  
%  \vspace*{-4.0cm}
%  % \begin{figure}[!hbpt]
%  \begin{flushright}
%  \hfill
%  \includegraphics[width=11cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Conferences/2010/CanadianNuclearSafetyCommission_meeting_05Oct2010/Table.pdf}
%  \end{flushright}
%  %\end{figure}
%  \vspace*{-2cm}
%  
%  
%  \end{frame}





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\subsection{The Modelling}





%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{frame} 
\frametitle{Seismic Motion Development}

\vspace*{0.8cm}
\begin{itemize}
\item Green's functions \\
      regional model \\
      up to $15$Hz
\item Prof. Hisada's code
\item Seismic waves \\
      propagated to NPP site
\item Motions input using the \\
      Domain Reduction Method
\item Lack of correlation \\
      inherent in regional \\
      ground motion modeling

\end{itemize}


%
\vspace*{-6.0cm}
\begin{figure}[!hbpt]
\begin{flushright}
\includegraphics[width=8cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/consulting/2010/CanadianNuclearSafetyComission/Reports/Map_of_Points.pdf}
\hspace*{-1cm}
%\caption{\label{Map_of_Points} Analytic model  (Green's functions)   setup, with
%locations of hypocenter, epicenter and the DRM model.}
\end{flushright}
\end{figure}
%

\end{frame}


%  %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%  %    
%   
%  \begin{frame} 
%  \frametitle{Incoherent Motions (original)}
%  
%  %
%  \begin{figure}[!hbpt]
%  \begin{center}
%  \includegraphics[width=8cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/consulting/2010/CanadianNuclearSafetyComission/TimAncheta/coh_comp_x.pdf}
%  \end{center}
%  \end{figure}
%  %
%  
%  \end{frame}
%  

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{frame} 
\frametitle{Uncorrelated/Incoherent Motions for Rock and Soil}


\vspace*{0.3cm}
\begin{itemize}
\item Original lack of \\
      correlation
\item T. Ancheta \\
      development
\item Further lack of \\
      correlation added \\
      using \\
      Abrahamson \\
      models for \\
      rock and soil \\
      (assuming \\
      ergodicity) 
\end{itemize}

%
\vspace*{-6.3cm}
\begin{figure}[!hbpt]
\begin{flushright}
\includegraphics[width=8cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/consulting/2010/CanadianNuclearSafetyComission/TimAncheta/coh_comp_x_grouped.pdf}
\hspace*{-1.0cm}
\end{flushright}
\end{figure}
%

\end{frame}


%  %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%  \begin{frame} 
%  \frametitle{Incoherent Motions (new, Abrahamson model for rock)}
%  
%  %
%  \begin{figure}[!hbpt]
%  \begin{center}
%  \includegraphics[width=8cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/consulting/2010/CanadianNuclearSafetyComission/TimAncheta/AnchetaValidation01.pdf}
%  \end{center}
%  \end{figure}
%  %
%  
%  \end{frame}
%  
%  
%  %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%  \begin{frame} 
%  \frametitle{Incoherent Motions (new, Abrahamson model for soil)}
%  
%  %
%  \begin{figure}[!hbpt]
%  \begin{center}
%  \includegraphics[width=8cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/consulting/2010/CanadianNuclearSafetyComission/TimAncheta/AnchetaValidation02.pdf}
%  \end{center}
%  \end{figure}
%  %
%  
%  \end{frame}
%  
%  
%  
%  
%  


%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{frame} 
\frametitle{Finite Element Models for the NPP}

\begin{itemize}

%\item Developed input motions used as an input (DRM) to FEM models

\item   Wave   propagation  with small error for   given   frequencies 
  \begin{itemize}
    \item $v_s=2600$m/s,  $h=5$m, $f_{max}=65$Hz; 
    \item $v_s=1500$m/s,  $h=5$m, $f_{max}=37$Hz; 
    \item $v_s=1000$m/s,  $h=5$m, $f_{max}=25$Hz; 
    \item $v_s=300$m/s,  $h=5$m, $f_{max}=7$Hz) 
  \end{itemize}

%\item Developed 3D, 2D, and 1D models

\item Free field, surface and embedded foundations

  
\end{itemize}

\vspace*{-0.7cm}
\begin{figure}[!hbpt]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=3cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/consulting/2010/CanadianNuclearSafetyComission/ModelPlots/FreeFieldModel01.jpeg}
\includegraphics[width=4cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/consulting/2010/CanadianNuclearSafetyComission/ModelPlots/VisIt_Mesh_Surface/NPP_surface01.jpeg}
\includegraphics[width=4cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/consulting/2010/CanadianNuclearSafetyComission/ModelPlots/VisIt_Mesh_Excavated/NPP_embedded02.jpeg}
\end{center}
\end{figure}
%


\end{frame}



% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% \begin{frame} 
% \frametitle{3D Free Field Finite Element Model}
% 
% %
% \begin{figure}[!hbpt]
% \begin{center}
% \includegraphics[width=9cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/consulting/2010/CanadianNuclearSafetyComission/ModelPlots/FreeFieldModel01.jpeg}
% %\caption{\label{Map_of_Points} Analytic model  (Green's functions)   setup, with
% %locations of hypocenter, epicenter and the DRM model.}
% \end{center}
% \end{figure}
% %
% 
% \end{frame}
% 
% 
% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% \begin{frame} 
% \frametitle{3D Surface Foundation Models}
% 
% %
% \begin{figure}[!hbpt]
% \begin{center}
% \includegraphics[width=9cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/consulting/2010/CanadianNuclearSafetyComission/ModelPlots/VisIt_Mesh_Surface/NPP_surface01.jpeg}
% \end{center}
% \end{figure}
% %
% 
% \end{frame}
% 
% 
% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{frame} 
\frametitle{3D Embedded Foundation Models}

%
\begin{figure}[!hbpt]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=9cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/consulting/2010/CanadianNuclearSafetyComission/ModelPlots/VisIt_Mesh_Excavated/NPP_embedded02.jpeg}
\end{center}
\end{figure}
%

\end{frame}




% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% \begin{frame} 
% \frametitle{...}
% \begin{itemize}
% 
% \vspace*{0.3cm}
% \item ...
% 
% \vspace*{0.3cm}
% \item ...
%  
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% 
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\section{Simulations Results}
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%\subsection{Variable Single Layer Base Soil/Rock, Cases 1, 2, 4, and 8}
\subsection{Variable Single Layer Base: Soil or Rock}





%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{frame} 
\frametitle{Variable Single Layer Base: Soil or Rock}

\begin{itemize}

  \item Four uniform rock/soil profiles
     \begin{itemize}
        \item Case 1: $V_s = 2600$m/s
        \item Case 2: $V_s = 1500$m/s
        \item Case 4: $V_s = 1000$m/s
        \item Case 8: $V_s = 300$m/s

     \end{itemize}

  \vspace*{0.2cm}
  \item Gradual rise in stiffness $500$m below uniform rock profiles

  \vspace*{0.2cm}
  \item  Full  3D,  inclined,  uncorrelated  motions, including body and surface
  waves, input using DRM


\end{itemize}


\end{frame}
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% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% \begin{frame} 
% \frametitle{Base of a Containment Struct. on Embedded Foundation}
% 
% \vspace*{-3.4cm}
% \begin{figure}[!hbpt]
% \begin{center}
% \hspace*{-1cm}
% \includegraphics[width=12cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/consulting/2010/CanadianNuclearSafetyComission/Reports/NPP_embedded_containment/Comparison/Base_Node_fft_frequency_log_Case_1_2_4_8_X.pdf}
% \end{center}
% \end{figure}
% \end{frame}
% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% \begin{frame} 
% \frametitle{Top of a Containment Struct. on Embedded Foundation}
% 
% 
% \vspace*{-3.4cm}
% \begin{figure}[!hbpt]
% \begin{center}
% \hspace*{-1cm}
% \includegraphics[width=12cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/consulting/2010/CanadianNuclearSafetyComission/Reports/NPP_embedded_containment/Comparison/Top_Node_fft_frequency_log_Case_1_2_4_8_X.pdf}
% \end{center}
% \end{figure}
% \end{frame}
% 
% 
% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% \begin{frame} 
% \frametitle{Base of the Internal Struct. on Embedded Foundation}
% 
% \vspace*{-3.4cm}
% \begin{figure}[!hbpt]
% \begin{center}
% \hspace*{-1cm}
% \includegraphics[width=12cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/consulting/2010/CanadianNuclearSafetyComission/Reports/NPP_embedded_internal/Comparison/Base_Node_fft_frequency_log_Case_1_2_4_8_X.pdf}
% \end{center}
% \end{figure}
% \end{frame}
% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% \begin{frame} 
% \frametitle{Top of the Internal Struct. on Embedded Foundation}
% 
% \vspace*{-3.4cm}
% \begin{figure}[!hbpt]
% \begin{center}
% \hspace*{-1cm}
% \includegraphics[width=12cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/consulting/2010/CanadianNuclearSafetyComission/Reports/NPP_embedded_internal/Comparison/Top_Node_fft_frequency_log_Case_1_2_4_8_X.pdf}
% \end{center}
% \end{figure}
% \end{frame}
% 
% 
% 
% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% \begin{frame} 
% \frametitle{Base of a Containment Struct. on Surface Foundation}
% 
% \vspace*{-3.4cm}
% \begin{figure}[!hbpt]
% \begin{center}
% \hspace*{-1cm}
% \includegraphics[width=12cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/consulting/2010/CanadianNuclearSafetyComission/Reports/NPP_surface_containment/Comparison/Base_Node_fft_frequency_log_Case_1_2_4_8_X.pdf}
% \end{center}
% \end{figure}
% \end{frame}
% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% \begin{frame} 
% \frametitle{Top of a Containment Struct. on Surface Foundation}
% 
% \vspace*{-3.4cm}
% \begin{figure}[!hbpt]
% \begin{center}
% \hspace*{-1cm}
% \includegraphics[width=12cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/consulting/2010/CanadianNuclearSafetyComission/Reports/NPP_surface_containment/Comparison/Top_Node_fft_frequency_log_Case_1_2_4_8_X.pdf}
% \end{center}
% \end{figure}
% \end{frame}
% 
% 
% 
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\begin{frame} 
\frametitle{Base of the Internal Struct. on Surface Foundation}

\vspace*{-3.4cm}
\begin{figure}[!hbpt]
\begin{center}
\hspace*{-1cm}
\includegraphics[width=12cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/consulting/2010/CanadianNuclearSafetyComission/Reports/NPP_surface_internal/Comparison/Base_Node_fft_frequency_log_Case_1_2_4_8_X.pdf}
\end{center}
\end{figure}
\end{frame}
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\begin{frame} 
\frametitle{Top of the Internal Struct. on Surface Foundation}

\vspace*{-3.4cm}
\begin{figure}[!hbpt]
\begin{center}
\hspace*{-1cm}
\includegraphics[width=12cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/consulting/2010/CanadianNuclearSafetyComission/Reports/NPP_surface_internal/Comparison/Top_Node_fft_frequency_log_Case_1_2_4_8_X.pdf}
\end{center}
\end{figure}
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%\subsection{Variable Soil Thickness Layer, Cases 5, 6, 10, and 12}
\subsection{Variable Thickness Soil Layer}



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\begin{frame} 
\frametitle{Variable Thickness Soil Layer}

\begin{itemize}

 \item Four variable thickness soil ($V_s = 300$m/s) profiles 
     \begin{itemize}
          \item Case 6: $H_{soil}=500$m 
          \item Case 5: $H_{soil}=200$m
          \item Case 10: $H_{soil}=100$m 
          \item Case 12: $H_{soil}=50$m 
      \end{itemize}

 \vspace*{0.2cm}
 \item Stiff rock $V_s = 2600$m/s  beneath these soil profiles

 \vspace*{0.2cm}
 \item  Full  3D,  inclined,  uncorrelated  motions, including body and surface
 waves, input using DRM


\end{itemize}


\end{frame}
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\frametitle{Base of the Internal Struct. on Surface Foundation}

\vspace*{-3.4cm}
\begin{figure}[!hbpt]
\begin{center}
\hspace*{-1cm}
\includegraphics[width=12cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/consulting/2010/CanadianNuclearSafetyComission/Reports/NPP_surface_internal/Comparison/Base_Node_fft_frequency_log_Case_5_6_10_12_X.pdf}
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\begin{frame} 
\frametitle{Top of the Internal Struct. on Surface Foundation}

\vspace*{-3.4cm}
\begin{figure}[!hbpt]
\begin{center}
\hspace*{-1cm}
\includegraphics[width=12cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/consulting/2010/CanadianNuclearSafetyComission/Reports/NPP_surface_internal/Comparison/Top_Node_fft_frequency_log_Case_5_6_10_12_X.pdf}
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\section{Summary}
%\subsection{Summary}

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\begin{frame} 

\frametitle{Summary}


\begin{itemize}

  
  
\vspace*{0.3cm}
\item  Realistic  seismic  motions (3D, inclined, uncorrelated, body and surface
waves) do influence  NPP ESSI response for variable soil/rock conditions

\vspace*{0.3cm}
\item  Influences  do vary in significance but are always present and need to be
modeled and simulated

\vspace*{0.3cm}
\item Importance of high fidelity modeling to reduce modeling uncertainty



\vspace*{0.3cm}
\item Funding by and Collaboration with the CNSC is gratefully acknowledged



 
\end{itemize}



\end{frame}
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\end{document}


