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\title{ 
ESSI Simulator Program, Current Status}


%\subtitle
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%   affiliation.
\pgfdeclareimage[height=0.2cm]{university-logo}{/home/jeremic/BG/amblemi/ucdavis_logo_blue_sm}
\pgfdeclareimage[height=0.7cm]{lbnl-logo}{/home/jeremic/BG/amblemi/lbnl-logo}

\author[Jeremi{\'c}] % (optional, use only with lots of authors)
         {N.~Tafazzoli, F.~Pisan{\`o}, J.~A. Abbel M.,
          B.~Kamrani, 
          C.-G.~Jeong,
          B.~Aldridge,
          R. Roche,
          A.~Kammerer,   and \\~\\
          B.~Jeremi{\'c}, 
          }
%
%
%{Boris~Jeremi{\'c, } } 
%{Boris~Jeremi{\'c},  Nima  Tafazzoli,  Babak Kamrani, Panagiota Tasiopoulou and
%Chang-Gyun Jeong}
% - Give the names in the same order as the appear in the paper.
% - Use the \inst{?} command only if the authors have different
%   affiliation.


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\institute[\pgfuseimage{university-logo}\hspace*{0.1truecm}\pgfuseimage{lbnl-logo}] % (optional, but mostly needed)
{ Professor, University of California, Davis, CA\\
%  and\\ 
  Faculty Scientist, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA }
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\date[] % (optional, should be abbreviation of conference name)
{\small SMiRT 22\\
San Francisco, August 2013}

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\begin{frame}
  \frametitle{Outline}
  \tableofcontents
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\end{frame}

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\section{Motivation}
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\subsection*{Motivation}
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\begin{frame}
 \frametitle{The Problem}

\begin{itemize}
  

  \item  Modeling  and  simulation of a realistic nonlinear  seismic response of
  Nuclear Power Plants


\vspace*{0.1cm}
  \item  3D, inclined seismic motions consisting of body and surface waves

\vspace*{0.1cm}
  \item      Inelastic  (elastic,  damage,  plastic)  behavior  of materials and
  components:
  soil, rock, contacts, seismic isolators, concrete, steel, etc.

\vspace*{0.1cm}
  \item  Full coupling of pore fluids (in soil and rock and contacts) 
  with soil/rock skeleton

%\vspace*{0.1cm}
%  \item  Buoyant effects (foundation below water table)

\vspace*{0.1cm}
  \item    Uncertainty  in  seismic  sources, path, soil/rock and structural
  response
  

\end{itemize}
\end{frame}
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\begin{frame}
 \frametitle{Proposed Solution}

\begin{itemize}
  


%\vspace*{0.3cm}
  \item        {\bf  Physics based  modeling  and  simulation} (reduce {\bf modeling
  uncertainty}) of seismic behavior of
  soil-structure systems (NPP structures, components and systems)

\vspace*{0.1cm}
  \item             Development  and  use  of  {\bf high  fidelity} time domain,
  nonlinear numerical  models,
  in {\bf deterministic} and  {\bf probabilistic} spaces


\vspace*{0.1cm}
  \item   Accurate following of  the  {\bf flow  of  seismic 
  energy}    (input  and  dissipation)   within soil-structure NPP system

%\vspace*{0.1cm}
% \item  {\bf  Direct},      in   space   and   time,  with {\bf high 
% confidence}, seismic energy flow in the soil-structure system

%\vspace*{0.1cm}
%  \item  {\bf Education} for researchers, professional practice.
  

\end{itemize}
\end{frame}


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\begin{frame}
% \frametitle{Seismic Energy Dissipation for \underline{Soil}-Foundation-Structure Systems}
 \frametitle{High Fidelity Modeling of Energy Flow}
% \frametitle{Seismic Energy Dissipation for 
%             \underline{Soil}-Foundation-Structure Systems}


\begin{itemize}

  \item   Energy  influx,  {body  and  surface waves, 3D, inclined} 
%  $E_{flux} = \rho A c \int_0^t \dot{u}_i^2 dt$ (Aki \& Richards)

\vspace*{0.1cm}
     \item Mechanical dissipation outside of SSI domain:
       \begin{itemize}
         \item {Radiation} of reflected waves
         \item {Radiation} of oscillating SSI system
       \end{itemize}
\vspace*{0.1cm}
     \item Mechanical dissipation inside SSI domain:
       \begin{itemize}
         \item {Plasticity} of soil/rock subdomain
         \item {Plasticity} of foundation -- soil/rock interface
         \item {Viscous coupling} of porous solid with pore fluid (air,
         water)
         \item Plasticity/damage of the structure
         \item Viscous coupling of structure/foundation with fluids 
%         \item potential and kinetic energy
%         \item[] potential $\leftarrow \! \! \! \! \! \! \rightarrow$ kinetic energy
       \end{itemize}                           



\vspace*{0.1cm}
%   \item Numerical energy dissipation (numerical damping/production and period  errors)
%   \item Numerical energy dissipation (damping/production)
   \item Numerical energy dissipation/production


\end{itemize}

%
\end{frame}
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\section{ESSI Simulator System}



%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\subsection{ESSI Simulator System}



\begin{frame} 
\frametitle{ESSI Project}

\begin{itemize}

%\vspace*{0.5cm}
\item    Development    of    the    ESSI Simulator System 
for Hi-Fi modeling and simulation of non-linear earthquake 
soil/rock structure interaction problems:
  \begin{itemize}
%    \item Time domain, nonlinear, parallel finite element program:
    \item  {\bf ESSI-Program} is a 3D, nonlinear, time domain, 
high performance, parallel finite element program specifically developed for
high fidelity modeling  and  simulation  of  Earthquake  Soil/Rock  Structure
Interaction problems for NPPs
%    \item  High  performance, parallel computer: 
    \item  {\bf ESSI-Computer}
%    \item  Educational endeavor, documentation:  
    \item  {\bf ESSI-Notes}
  \end{itemize}


%
% \item { The  ESSI-Program} is a 3D, nonlinear, time domain, 
% parallel finite element program specifically developed for
% Hi-Fi modeling  and  simulation  of  Earthquake  Soil/Rock  Structure
% Interaction problems for NPPs on  ESSI-Computer. \
% %\vspace*{0.3cm}

% %\vspace*{0.1cm}
% \item  Educational effort is essential!
% %):  US-NRC, US-DOE, CNSC  Staff  Capacity  Building (seminars, short courses, 
% %ESSI Notes, advising), targeting wider audience as well
% 
% %\vspace*{0.1cm}
% \item  Development  of ESSI case  studies: 
% 3D, uncorrelated, inclined seismic   motions; nonlinear  soil/rock;  
% foundation  interface  slip; coupled/buoyant effects; seismic  energy dissipation


%\vspace*{0.1cm}
  \item A UCD/LBNL project with funding from and collaboration with the US-NRC, CNSC, 
  US-NSF,  US-DOE, LLNL, INL, 
  AREVA NP GmbH, Shimizu Corp. etc.
  


\end{itemize}

\end{frame}



%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% 
% \begin{frame}
% \frametitle{ESSI Simulator System}
% 
% \begin{itemize}
% 
% \item {\bf The  ESSI-Program} is a 3D, nonlinear, time domain, 
% parallel finite element program specifically developed for
% Hi-Fi modeling  and  simulation  of  Earthquake  Soil/Rock  Structure
% Interaction problems for NPPs on  ESSI-Computer. \
% %\vspace*{0.3cm}
% \vspace*{0.1cm}
% \item {\bf The  ESSI-Computer} is a distributed memory 
% parallel computer, a cluster of clusters with multiple performance  
% processors and multiple performance networks.  
% %Compute  nodes are Shared Memory Parallel
% %(SMP)  computers,  that  are  connected,  using  high  speed  network(s), into a
% %Distributed Memory Parallel (DMP) computer.
% 
% %\vspace*{0.3cm}
% \vspace*{0.1cm}
% \item    {\bf        The     ESSI-Notes} are a hypertext 
% documentation system
% %(Theory and Formulation, Software and Hardware, Verification and Validation, and
% %Case  Studies  and  Practical  Examples)   
% detailing modeling and simulation of NPP ESSI
% problems.
% %
% %the
% % ESSI-Program  code  API (application Programming Interface) and DSLs (Domain
% %Specific Language).
% %% ESSI-Notes,    developed  by Boris Jeremic and collaborators, are in public
% %domain
% %%and  are  licensed  under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported
% %%License.
% %
% %\vspace*{0.3cm}
% \end{itemize}
% 
% \end{frame}
% 
% 
% % 
% % 
% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% 
% \begin{frame}
% \frametitle{ESSI Simulator Program}
% 
% \begin{itemize}
% 
% %\vspace*{0.2cm}
% \item  Based  on  a  Collection  of Useful Libraries  (modular, portable)
% 
% \vspace*{0.1cm}
% \item Library centric software design
% 
% \vspace*{0.1cm}
% \item Various open source licenses (GPL, LGPL, BSD, CC)
% 
% %\vspace*{0.3cm}
% \vspace*{0.1cm}
% \item Extensive Verification and Validation
% 
% 
% \vspace*{0.1cm}
% \item  Detailed program documentation  (part of ESSI Notes)
%     
% \vspace*{0.1cm}
% \item    Target  users:  Regulators: US-NRC, CNSC; Applicants, Operators/Owners,
% Designers, Professional practice experts
%     
% %\item Sources will be available through
% %{\bf 
% %\url{http://nrc-essi-simulator.info}}
% 
% 
% \end{itemize}
% 
% \end{frame}
% 
% 
% 
% 
% % %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% % %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% \begin{frame}
% \frametitle{Collection of Useful Libraries (Modeling Part)}
% 
% \begin{itemize}
% 
% 
% \vspace*{0.2cm}
% \item  Template3D-EP  libraries   for  elastic  and elastic-plastic
% computations (UCD,  CC) 
% 
% \vspace*{0.2cm}
% \item    FEMTools  finite    element  libraries provide 
% finite elements (solids,
% beams, shells, contacts/isolators, seismic input) (UCD, UCB, CU, CC)
% 
% 
% \vspace*{0.2cm}
% \item  Loading, staged, self weight, service loads, seismic loads 
% (the  Domain  Reduction  Method,  analytic  input
% (incoming/outgoing) of 3D, inclined, un-correlated seismic motions)
% (UCD, CC)
% 
% \vspace*{0.2cm}
% \item    Domain Specific Language for input (UCD, CC)
% 
%      
% 
% \end{itemize}
% 
% \end{frame}
% 
% 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% \begin{frame}
% \frametitle{Collection of Useful Libraries (Simulation Part)}
% 
% \begin{itemize}
% 
% 
%      
% 
% 
% \vspace*{0.12cm}
% \item Plastic Domain Decomposition (PDD) for parallel computing  (UCD, CC) 
% 
% 
% \vspace*{0.12cm}
% \item  PETSc (ANL, GPL-like) and UMFPACK (UF, GPL) solvers 
% 
% 
% \vspace*{0.12cm}
% \item Modified OpenSees Services (MOSS) for managing the finite 
% element domain (UCD, CC;  UCB, GPL?) 
% 
% \vspace*{0.12cm}
% \item nDarray (UCD, CC), LTensor (CIMEC, GPL), 
% BLAS (UTK, GPL) for lower level
% computational tasks,
% 
% \vspace*{0.12cm}
% \item Message Passing Interface (MPI, openMPI, new BSD license)
% 
% \end{itemize}
% 
% \end{frame}
% 
% 
% 
% 
%  %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%  \begin{frame}
%  \frametitle{Structural Finite Elements}
%  \begin{itemize}
%  
%  \item Linear and nonlinear truss element
%  
%  \vspace*{0.1cm}
%  \item  Linear  and  nonlinear beam (displacement based, with versions for 6DOF per
%  node, or 5DOF per node, or 4DOF per node, etc.)
%  
%  \vspace*{0.1cm}
%  \item Linear thin quad (ANDES) shell with drilling DOFs
%  
%  \vspace*{0.1cm}
%  \item Linear and nonlinear thick shell  (solid)
%  
%  \end{itemize}
%  \end{frame}
%  
%  
%  %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%  \begin{frame}
%  \frametitle{Solid Finite Elements}
%  
%  \begin{itemize}
%    \item Single phase solid bricks 
%        \begin{itemize}
%        \item 8 node
%        \item 20 node 
%        \item 27 node % (also thick shell element) 
%        \item 8-27 variable node
%      \end{itemize}
%  
%  \vspace*{0.3cm}
%    \item Two phase (fully coupled, porous solid, pore fluid) solid bricks
%        \begin{itemize}
%        \item 8 node ($u-p-U$; $u-p$)
%        \item 27 node ($u-p-U$; $u-p$) 
%      \end{itemize}
%  \end{itemize}
%    
%  \end{frame}
%  
%  %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%  \begin{frame}
%  \frametitle{Special Finite Elements}
%  \begin{itemize}
%  
%  \vspace*{0.1cm}
%  \item Dry contact frictional shear slip and normal indentation-gap element 
%  
%  \vspace*{0.2cm}
%  \item Saturated contact (effective stress) shear slip and normal indentation-gap element  
%  
%  \vspace*{0.2cm}
%  \item Seismic isolator (rubber) and dissipators (rubber with lead, friction pendulum) 
%  
%  \end{itemize}
%  \end{frame}
%  
%  
%  %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%  \begin{frame}
%  \frametitle{Material Models}
%  
%      \begin{itemize}
%        \item Elastic: linear, nonlinear isotropic, cross anisotropic
%        
%  \vspace*{0.2cm}
%        \item        Elastic-Plastic:    von   Mises,  Drucker--Prager, 
%        Cam-Clay, Rounded Mohr-Coulomb, Parabolic Leon, 
%        SANIsand      (Dafalias--Manzari...),     SANIclay,   Pisan{\`o}, 
%       
%        
%  \vspace*{0.2cm}
%        \item    Isotropic    and    kinematic    
%        (translational   and rotational)
%        kinematic hardening
%  
%      \end{itemize}
%  
%  %\vspace*{-2.0cm}
%  \end{frame}
%  
%  
%  
%  
%  
%  %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%  \begin{frame}
%  \frametitle{High Performance, Parallel Computing}
%  
%  \begin{itemize}
%  
%  \item The ESSI Simulator can be used in both sequential and 
%  parallel modes
%  
%  \vspace*{0.2cm}
%  \item For high fidelity models, parallel is really the only option
%  
%  \vspace*{0.2cm}
%  \item  High  performance, parallel computing using 
%  Plastic Domain Decomposition
%  Method
%  
%  
%  \vspace*{0.2cm}
%  \item Automatic, dynamic (run-time) computational and network load balancing 
%  
%  \vspace*{0.2cm}
%  \item    Developed  for  multiple/variable capability CPUs and 
%  networks (DMP and
%  SMPs)
%  
%  \end{itemize}
%  
%  \end{frame}
%  
%  
%  
%  %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%  %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% \begin{frame}[fragile]
%  \frametitle{ESSI Computer}
%  \begin{itemize}
%    \item ESSI Program is a distributed memory parallel (DMP) 
%    designed for high performance,  
%    parallel finite element simulations
% \vspace*{0.2cm}
%    \item Multiple performance CPUs and Networks
% \vspace*{0.2cm}
%    \item Most cost / performance effective 
% \vspace*{0.2cm}
%    \item Source compatibility with any DMP supercomputer
% \vspace*{0.2cm}
%    \item Essentially it is a cluster of PCs
% %   \item 15 current users (U.S.-NRC and UCD)
% %   \item Development phases
% %     \begin{itemize}
% %       \item December 2010
% %       \item April 2012
% %       \item Winter/Spring 2013
% %     \end{itemize}
% 
% 
%  \end{itemize}
% \end{frame}
% 
% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% 
% 
% \begin{frame}
% \frametitle{ESSI Simulator Notes}
% 
% \begin{itemize}
% 
% \item A hypertext documentation system  describing in detail 
% modeling and simulations of NPP ESSI
% problems 
% 
%   \begin{itemize}
%     
%     \item  Theoretical  and  Computational  Formulations    (FEM,  EL-PL, Static and
%     Dynamic solution, Parallel Computing)
%     
%     \item  Software and Hardware Platform Design (OO Design, Library centric design,
%     API, DSL, Software Build Process, Hardware Platform)
%     
%     \item  Verification and Validation (code V, Components V, Static and Dynamic V,
%     Wave Propagation V)
%     
%     \item Application to Practical Nuclear Power Plant Earthquake Soil/Rock Structure
%     Interaction  Problems  (ESSI with 3D, inclined, uncorrelated seismic waves, ESSI
%     with foundation slip, Isolators)
%   
%   \end{itemize}
% 
% 
% \end{itemize}
% 
% \end{frame}
% 
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\section{Modeling and Applications}




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\subsection{Pisan{\`o} Model, $G/G_{max}$ and Damping Curves}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%






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\begin{frame}
 \frametitle{Pisan{\`o} Elastic Plastic Material Model}

\begin{itemize}

  \item  3D  incremental  elastic-plastic  material model that can be calibrated
  from $G/G_{max}$ and damping curve data

%  \item    Split    stress    into    frictional    and    viscous    components
%  $\sigma_{ij}=\sigma_{ij}^{f} + \sigma_{ij}^{v}$

  \item Elasticity: linear or nonlinear

  \item    Yield    surface, Drucker-Prager cone,  collapsed  (limit  analysis, 
  vanishing  elastic  regions)  to  cylinder  (von Mises), with conical bounding
  surface

  \item   Plastic   flow  and  rotational  kinematic  hardening,  similar to 
  Manzari-Dafalias model (1997)

  \item Yield (loading-unloading) condition established using stress projection
%  
%  \item Special (unique) developments of a stiffness tensor (used for FEM)



   
\end{itemize}

\end{frame}


% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% \begin{frame}
%  \frametitle{Pisan{\`o} Model: Triaxial  and Pure Shear Response}
% 
% 
% \begin{figure}  [!htb]
%  \centering
% \includegraphics [width=5.5cm] {/home/jeremic/tex/works/Papers/2012/Bounding_Surface_Frictional_Model/Figures/res1a.pdf}
% \includegraphics [width=5.8cm] {/home/jeremic/tex/works/Papers/2012/Bounding_Surface_Frictional_Model/Figures/res1b.pdf}
% \\
% \includegraphics [width=5.5cm] {/home/jeremic/tex/works/Papers/2012/Bounding_Surface_Frictional_Model/Figures/res2a.pdf}
% \includegraphics [width=5.5cm] {/home/jeremic/tex/works/Papers/2012/Bounding_Surface_Frictional_Model/Figures/res2b.pdf}
%  \label{fig:res1}
% \end{figure}
% 
% 
%     
% 
% \end{frame}
% 
% 

% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% \begin{frame}
%  \frametitle{Pisan{\`o} Model: Calibration for $G/G_{max}$ and Damping}
% 
% 
%   
%      
% \begin{figure}  [!htb]
%  \centering
% \includegraphics [width=0.8\textwidth] {/home/jeremic/tex/works/Papers/2012/Bounding_Surface_Frictional_Model/Figures/res3.pdf}
%  \hfill
%  \caption{Comparison  between  experimental and simulated $G/G_{max}$
%  and  damping  curves ($p_0$=100 kPa, T=2$\pi$ s, $\zeta$ = 0.003, $G_{max}$ = 4
%  MPa, $\nu$=0.25, $M$=1.2, $k_d$=$\xi$=0, $h$=$G$/(112$p_0$), $m$=1.38)}
%  \label{fig:res3}
% \end{figure}
%     
% 
% \end{frame}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{frame}
 \frametitle{Pisan{\`o} Model: Calibration for $G/G_{max}$ and Damping}

        
\begin{figure}  [!htb]
 \centering
\includegraphics [width=0.8\textwidth] {/home/jeremic/tex/works/Papers/2012/Bounding_Surface_Frictional_Model/Figures/res4.pdf}
 \hfill
 \caption{Comparison  between  experimental and simulated $G/G_{max}$
 and  damping  curves ($p_0$=100 kPa, T=2$\pi$ s, $\zeta$ = 0.003, $G_{max}$ = 4
 MPa, $\nu$=0.25, $M$=1.2, $k_d$=$\xi$=0, $h$=$G_{max}$/(15$p_0$), $m$=1)}
 \label{fig:res4}
\end{figure}

   

\end{frame}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% \begin{frame}
%  \frametitle{Pisan{\`o} Model: Variation in Confining Pressure}
% 
% 
%  
% \begin{figure}  [!htb]
%  \centering
% \includegraphics [width=0.8\textwidth] {/home/jeremic/tex/works/Papers/2012/Bounding_Surface_Frictional_Model/Figures/res7.pdf}
%  \hfill
%  \caption{Simulated  $G/G_{max}$  and  damping  curves  at  varying
%  confining  pressure  (T=2$\pi$  s,  $G_{max}$  =  4  MPa,  $\nu$=0.25, $M$=1.2,
%  $k_d$=$\xi$=0, $h$=$G$/(15$p_0$), $m$=1)}
%  \label{fig:res5}
% \end{figure}
% 
% 
%     
% 
% \end{frame}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% \begin{frame}
%  \frametitle{Pisan{\`o} Model: Variation in Hardening Parameter $h$}
% 
% 
%  
% \begin{figure}  [!htb]
%  \centering
% \includegraphics [width=0.8\textwidth] {/home/jeremic/tex/works/Papers/2012/Bounding_Surface_Frictional_Model/Figures/res5.pdf}
%  \hfill
%  \caption{Simulated  $G/G_{max}$ and  damping  curves  at  varying h
%  ($p_0$=100   kPa,  $T$=2$\pi$  s,  $G_{max}$  =  4  MPa,  $\nu$=0.25,  $M$=1.2,
%  $k_d$=$\xi$=0, $m$=1)}
%  \label{fig:res6}
% \end{figure}
% 
% 
%     
% 
% \end{frame}
% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% \begin{frame}
%  \frametitle{Pisan{\`o} Model: Variation in Hardening Parameter $m$}
% 
% 
%          
% \begin{figure}  [!htb]
%  \centering
% \includegraphics [width=0.8\textwidth] {/home/jeremic/tex/works/Papers/2012/Bounding_Surface_Frictional_Model/Figures/res6.pdf}
%  \hfill
%  \caption{Simulated  $G/G_{max}$  and  damping  curves  at  varying m
%  ($p_0$=100   kPa,  $T$=2$\pi$  s,  $G_{max}$  =  4  MPa,  $\nu$=0.25,  $M$=1.2,
%  $k_d$=$\xi$=0, $h$=$G_{max}$/(15$p_0$))}
%  \label{fig:res7}
% \end{figure}
% 
% 
%     
% 
% \end{frame}

% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% \begin{frame}
%  \frametitle{Pisan{\`o} Model: Variation in Viscous Damping}
% 
% 
%          
%     
% \begin{figure}  [!htb]
%  \centering
% \includegraphics [width=0.4\textwidth] {/home/jeremic/tex/works/Papers/2012/Bounding_Surface_Frictional_Model/Figures/res9.pdf}
% % \hfill
%  \caption{Damping   curves   simulated  at  varying  $\zeta_0$  ($p_0$=100  kPa,
%  $T$=2$\pi$   s,   $G_{max}$   =  4  MPa,  $\nu$=0.25,  $M$=1.2,  $k_d$=$\xi$=0,
%  $h$=$G_{max}$/(15$p_0$), $m$=1)}
%  \label{fig:res9}
% \end{figure}
% 
% 
%     
% 
% \end{frame}
% 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{frame}
 \frametitle{Soil Volume Response}

\begin{itemize}
  \item Soil behavior is very much a function of volumetric response

  \item Dilative soils: increase  volume due to shearing
  \item Compressive soils: decrease  volume due to shearing


  \item Modulus reduction and damping curves do not provide volumetric data

  \item Soil volume change will affect response due to volume constraints

\end{itemize}

    

\end{frame}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{frame}
% \frametitle{No Volume Change, Compressive and Dilative Soil}
 \frametitle{No Volume Change and Dilative Soil}

\begin{figure}[!h]
\begin{center}
\hspace*{-1cm}
  \includegraphics[width=6.3cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/FedericoPisano/Pisano_model/Issue_of_dilatancy/sine1Hz-4.pdf}
%\hspace*{-0.3cm}
%  \includegraphics[width=4.3cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/FedericoPisano/Pisano_model/Issue_of_dilatancy/sine1Hz_comp-4.pdf}
\hspace*{-0.3cm}
  \includegraphics[width=6.3cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/FedericoPisano/Pisano_model/Issue_of_dilatancy/sine1Hz_dil-4.pdf}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

\end{frame}
% 
% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% \begin{frame}
%  \frametitle{Northridge, No Volume Change Soil}
% 
% \vspace*{-0.6cm}
% \begin{figure}[!h]
% \begin{center}
%   \includegraphics[width=10cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/FedericoPisano/Pisano_model/Issue_of_dilatancy/Northridge1-2.pdf}
% \end{center}
% \end{figure}
% 
% \end{frame}
% 
% % 
% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% \begin{frame}
%  \frametitle{Northridge, Dilatant Soil}
% 
% \vspace*{-0.6cm}
% \begin{figure}[!h]
% \begin{center}
%   \includegraphics[width=10cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/FedericoPisano/Pisano_model/Issue_of_dilatancy/Northridge1-3.pdf}
% \end{center}
% \end{figure}
% 
% \end{frame}
% % 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{frame}
 \frametitle{Northridge, No Volume Change and Dilative Soils}

\vspace*{-0.6cm}
\begin{figure}[!h]
\begin{center}
  \includegraphics[width=10cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/FedericoPisano/Pisano_model/Issue_of_dilatancy/Northridge1-4.pdf}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

\end{frame}
% 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{frame}
 \frametitle{Northridge, No Volume Change and Dilative Soils}

\vspace*{-0.6cm}
\begin{figure}[!h]
\begin{center}
  \includegraphics[width=10cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/FedericoPisano/Pisano_model/Issue_of_dilatancy/Northridge1-5.pdf}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

\end{frame}
% 
% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%


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% \subsection{Ground Motions}
% 
% 
% 
% 
% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% 
% 
%  %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% \begin{frame}
% \frametitle{Free Field, Inclined, 3D Body and Surface Waves}
% 
%   \begin{itemize}
%     
%     \item  Development  of  analytic  and  numerical  3D, inclined, uncorrelated
%     seismic motions for verification
% 
%    \vspace*{0.2cm}
%     \item Large scale models 
% 
%    \vspace*{0.2cm}
%     \item Point shear source 
% 
%    \vspace*{0.2cm}
%     \item Stress drop:
%          \begin{itemize}
% 
%            \item Wavelet (Ricker, \\
%            Ormsby, etc)
%   
%            \item Analytic 
% 
% 
%          \end{itemize}
% 
%    \vspace*{0.2cm}
%     \item Seismic input using DRM (Bielak et al (2003))
% 
%   \end{itemize}
% 
% 
% 
%  
%    \vspace*{-4.6cm}
% \begin{flushright}
% \includegraphics[width=6cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/NimaTafazzoli/wave_propagation/figs/FaultSlipModel2km.pdf}
% \end{flushright}
% 
% 
% 
% \end{frame}
% 
% 
% 
% 
%  
% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% \begin{frame}
% \frametitle{Domain Reduction Method (Bielak et al.)}
% %  \begin{itemize}
% %    \item 
% %  \end{itemize}
% 
%   
% 
%   The effective force  $P^{eff}$ \\
%   is a dynamically consistent \\
%   replacement the dynamic \\
%   source forces  $P_{e}$
% 
% % \end{itemize}
% 
%    \vspace*{0.5cm}
%   \begin{eqnarray}
% P^{eff} = \left\{\begin{array}{c} P^{eff}_i \\ P^{eff}_b \\ P^{eff}_e \end{array}\right\}
% = \left\{\begin{array}{c} 0 \\ -M^{\Omega+}_{be} \ddot{u}^0_e-K^{\Omega+}_{be}u^0_e
%    \\ M^{\Omega+}_{eb}\ddot{u}^0_b+K^{\Omega+}_{eb}u^0_b\end{array}\right\}
% \nonumber
% \label{DRMeq09}
% \end{eqnarray}
% %
% 
%    \vspace*{-6.1cm}
% \begin{flushright}
% \includegraphics[width=6.5cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/NimaTafazzoli/wave_propagation/figs/DRMModel.pdf}
% %\caption{Domain to be analyzed for the $2^{nd}$ analysis stage of DRM with smaller size 
% %         comparing to the original model}
% %\label{fig:DRMModel}
% \end{flushright}
% 
% 
% 
% \end{frame}
% 
% 
% 
%  %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% \begin{frame}
% \frametitle{Verification: Displacements, Top Middle Point }
% %  \begin{itemize}
% %   \item 
% %  \end{itemize}
% 
% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% \begin{figure}[!htbp] 
% \begin{center}
% \begin{tabular}{ccc} 
% %\hline 
% (X)
% &
% (Z)
% \\
% \includegraphics[width=5.0cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/NimaTafazzoli/wave_propagation/figs/ricker_2km/top_middle_comparison_disp_x.pdf}
% &
% \includegraphics[width=5.0cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/NimaTafazzoli/wave_propagation/figs/ricker_2km/top_middle_comparison_disp_z.pdf}
% &
% \end{tabular}
% %\caption{Comparison of displacements for top middle point using Ricker wave $(f=1Hz)$ as an input motion}
% %\label{fig:ricker_acc}
% \end{center}
% \end{figure}
% 
% 
% 
% \end{frame}
% 
% 
% % 
% % %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% % \begin{frame}
% % \frametitle{Verification: Accelerations, Top Middle Point }
% % %  \begin{itemize}
% % %    \item 
% % %  \end{itemize}
% % 
% % %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% % \begin{figure}[!htbp] 
% % \begin{center}
% % \begin{tabular}{ccc} 
% % %\hline 
% % (X)
% % &
% % (Z)
% % \\
% % \includegraphics[width=5.0cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/NimaTafazzoli/wave_propagation/figs/ricker_2km/top_middle_comparison_accel_x.pdf}
% % &
% % \includegraphics[width=5.0cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/NimaTafazzoli/wave_propagation/figs/ricker_2km/top_middle_comparison_accel_z.pdf}
% % &
% % \end{tabular}
% % %\caption{Comparison of accelerations for top middle point using Ricker wave $(f=1Hz)$ as an input motion}
% % %\label{fig:ricker_acc}
% % \end{center}
% % \end{figure}
% % 
% % 
% % 
% % 
% % \end{frame}
% % 
% % 
% % 
% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% \begin{frame}
% \frametitle{Verification: Disp. and Acc., Out of DRM }
% %  \begin{itemize}
% %    \item 
% %  \end{itemize}
% 
% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% \begin{figure}[!htbp] 
% \begin{center}
% \begin{tabular}{ccc} 
% %\hline 
% Displacement
% &
% Acceleration
% \\
% \includegraphics[width=5.0cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/NimaTafazzoli/wave_propagation/figs/ricker_2km/10_40_disp_x.pdf}
% &
% \includegraphics[width=5.0cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/NimaTafazzoli/wave_propagation/figs/ricker_2km/10_40_accel_x.pdf}
% &
% \end{tabular}
% %\caption{Displacement and acceleration time history for a point outside of DRM layer in (x) direction}
% %\label{fig:out_ricker_disp}
% \end{center}
% \end{figure}
% 
% 
% 
% \end{frame}
% 
% 
% 
% 
% 
% 
% 
% 
% 
% 
% 
% 
% 
% 
% 
% 
% 
% 
% 
% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% \begin{frame}
% \frametitle{Northridge 3D FE Model}
% \vspace*{-3.5cm}
% \begin{figure}
% % \includegraphics[scale=0.35]{Present06_figs/3DModel.pdf}
%  \includegraphics[scale=0.35]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Conferences/2013/NRC_Short_Course_May2013/Present/Jose_fix/presentation/Present06_figs/3DModel.pdf}
% \end{figure}
% \end{frame}
% 
% 
% % %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% % %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% % \begin{frame}
% % \frametitle{FE Model}
% % \begin{figure}
% % % \includegraphics[scale=0.4]{Present06_figs/3DModelxzPlane.pdf}
% %  \includegraphics[scale=0.4]{Present06_figs/3DModelxzPlane.pdf}
% % \end{figure}
% % \end{frame}
% % 
% % 
% % %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% \begin{frame}
% \frametitle{Northridge 3D Model Properties}
% \begin{itemize}
%  \item Model Properties
%  \begin{itemize}
%   \item 90 m $\times$ 90 m $\times$ 90 m dimension
%   \item Vs1 = 300 m/s, Vs2 = 400 m/s
%   \item Poisson's ratio1 = 0.25, Poisson's ratio2 = 0.25
% %  \item Density1 = 940 kg/m$^3$, Density2 = 990 kg/m$^3$
%  \end{itemize}
%  \vspace{2mm}
%  \item Input Wave Properties
%  \begin{itemize}
%   \item Northridge earthquake source properties
%   \item Generated using fk program
%  \end{itemize}
% \end{itemize}
% \end{frame}
% 
% 
% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% \begin{frame}
% \frametitle{FEM Results, EW Component}
% \vspace*{-3.5cm}
% \begin{figure}
% % \includegraphics[scale=0.5]{Present06_figs/90m_Northridge_EW.pdf}
%  \includegraphics[scale=0.5]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Conferences/2013/NRC_Short_Course_May2013/Present/Jose_fix/presentation/Present06_figs/90m_Northridge_EW.pdf}
% \end{figure}
% \end{frame}
% 
% 
% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% \begin{frame}
% \frametitle{FEM Results, NS Component}
% \vspace*{-3.5cm}
% \begin{figure}
% % \includegraphics[scale=0.5]{Present06_figs/90m_Northridge_NS.pdf}
%  \includegraphics[scale=0.5]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Conferences/2013/NRC_Short_Course_May2013/Present/Jose_fix/presentation/Present06_figs/90m_Northridge_NS.pdf}
% \end{figure}
% \end{frame}
% 
% 
% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% \begin{frame}
% \frametitle{FEM Results, UD Component}
% \vspace*{-3.5cm}
% \begin{figure}
% % \includegraphics[scale=0.5]{Present06_figs/90m_Northridge_UD.pdf}
%  \includegraphics[scale=0.5]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Conferences/2013/NRC_Short_Course_May2013/Present/Jose_fix/presentation/Present06_figs/90m_Northridge_UD.pdf}
% \end{figure}
% \end{frame}
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\subsection{Contact Base Isolation}
%
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% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% \begin{frame}
% \frametitle{Few Illustrative Examples}
% 
% \begin{itemize}
% \item Slip between foundation slab and the soil/rock
% underneath
% 
% \vspace*{0.2cm}
% \item Passive seismic isolation by liquefaction
% 
% \vspace*{0.2cm}
% \item Structural response in liquefied soil
% 
% 
% \end{itemize}
% 
% \end{frame}




%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{frame}
\frametitle{Nuclear Power Plant with Base Slip}

\begin{itemize}

  \item Low friction zone between \\
        concrete foundation and soil/rock

  \item Inclined, 3D, body and surface, \\
        seismic wave field (wavelets: \\
        Ricker, Ormsby; real seismic, etc.)


\end{itemize}



\vspace*{-4.0cm}
\begin{figure}[!h]
\begin{flushright}
\includegraphics[width=2.50cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Conferences/2011/NRC_LBNL_Review_Panel_Sept2011/2D_faul_slip_model_top_200m.pdf}
%{\includegraphics[width=4.0cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Conferences/2011/NRC_LBNL_Review_Panel_Feb2011/Case_study_model/visit0002.jpeg}}
\end{flushright}
\end{figure}

\vspace*{-0.9cm}
\begin{figure}[!h]
\begin{flushright}
{\includegraphics[width=4.0cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Conferences/2011/NRC_LBNL_Review_Panel_Feb2011/Case_study_model/visit0002.jpeg}}
\end{flushright}
\end{figure}




\vspace*{-3.6cm}
\begin{figure}[H]
\begin{center}
%\vspace*{-0.5cm}
%\includegraphics[width=2.0cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Conferences/2011/NRC_LBNL_Review_Panel_Sept2011/2D_faul_slip_model_top_200m.pdf}
%\hspace*{0.5cm}
%\vspace*{0.2cm}
\includegraphics[width=6cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/NimaTafazzoli/FreeFieldInclinedMotionModels/FaultSlip_Ormsby/figs/surface_200m/middle_acceleration_x.pdf}
\hspace*{-0.5cm}
\includegraphics[width=6cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/NimaTafazzoli/FreeFieldInclinedMotionModels/FaultSlip_Ormsby/figs/surface_200m/middle_acceleration_z.pdf}
%
\vspace*{-0.5cm} 
\hspace*{0.8cm} 
\mbox{horizontal}
\hspace*{4cm} 
\mbox{vertical}
\hspace*{3cm} 
\end{center}
\end{figure}
\vspace*{-1.0cm} 
% 
%  %\vspace*{-3.5cm}
%  \begin{figure}[H]
%  \begin{center}
%  \includegraphics[width=6cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/NimaTafazzoli/FreeFieldInclinedMotionModels/FaultSlip_Ormsby/figs/surface_200m/middle_acceleration_x.pdf}
%  \hspace*{-0.5cm}
%  \includegraphics[width=6cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/NimaTafazzoli/FreeFieldInclinedMotionModels/FaultSlip_Ormsby/figs/surface_200m/middle_acceleration_z.pdf}
%  \end{center}
%  \end{figure}
%  
%  %\vspace*{-3.5cm}
%  \begin{figure}[H]
%  \begin{center}
%  \includegraphics[width=6cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/NimaTafazzoli/FaultModel_7seconds/xz_TimeHistory/5000_5000_x_acceleration.pdf}
%  \hspace*{-0.5cm}
%  \includegraphics[width=6cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/NimaTafazzoli/FaultModel_7seconds/xz_TimeHistory/5000_5000_z_acceleration.pdf}
%  \end{center}
%  \end{figure}
%  
%  \vspace*{-0.90cm}
%  {horizontal accelerations   \hfill vertical accelerations}
%  
%  
%  


\end{frame}



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\begin{frame}
\frametitle{Acc. Response for a Full 3D (at $45^\circ$) Ricker Wavelet}

\begin{figure}[H]
\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}{rr} 
%\hline 
\mbox{\tiny top X}\includegraphics[width=4.0truecm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/NimaTafazzoli/SSI_Contact_Element_01_13/figs/91_97/top_structure_x_acceleration.pdf}
&
\mbox{\tiny top Z}\includegraphics[width=4.0truecm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/NimaTafazzoli/SSI_Contact_Element_01_13/figs/91_97/top_structure_z_acceleration.pdf}
\\
\mbox{\tiny bottom X}\includegraphics[width=4.0truecm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/NimaTafazzoli/SSI_Contact_Element_01_13/figs/91_97/bottom_structure_x_acceleration.pdf}
&
\mbox{\tiny bottom Z}\includegraphics[width=4.0truecm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/NimaTafazzoli/SSI_Contact_Element_01_13/figs/91_97/bottom_structure_z_acceleration.pdf}
\end{tabular}
%\caption{Comparison of acceleration time histories of the structure between 
%slipping and no-slipping models for Ricker wave}
\label{fig:3d_ricker_acc_1000}
\end{center}
\end{figure}



\end{frame}


% 
% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% \begin{frame}
% \frametitle{FFT Response for a Full 3D (at $45^\circ$) Ricker Wavelet}
% 
% \begin{figure}[H]
% \begin{center}
% \begin{tabular}{rr} 
% \mbox{\tiny top X}\includegraphics[width=4.0truecm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/NimaTafazzoli/SSI_Contact_Element_01_13/figs/91_97/top_structure_x_acceleration_FFT.pdf}
% &
% \mbox{\tiny top Z}\includegraphics[width=4.0truecm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/NimaTafazzoli/SSI_Contact_Element_01_13/figs/91_97/top_structure_z_acceleration_FFT.pdf}
% \\
% \mbox{\tiny bottom X}\includegraphics[width=4.0truecm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/NimaTafazzoli/SSI_Contact_Element_01_13/figs/91_97/bottom_structure_x_acceleration_FFT.pdf}
% &
% \mbox{\tiny bottom Z}\includegraphics[width=4.0truecm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/NimaTafazzoli/SSI_Contact_Element_01_13/figs/91_97/bottom_structure_z_acceleration_FFT.pdf}
% \end{tabular}
% %\caption{Comparison of FFT of the acceleration of the structure between 
% %slipping and no-slipping models for Ricker wave}
% \label{fig:3d_ricker_fft_1000}
% \end{center}
% \end{figure}
% 
% 
% \end{frame}
% 
% 
% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% \begin{frame}
% \frametitle{Gaping Response ($45^\circ$ Ricker Wavelet)}
% 
% \vspace*{-0.1cm}
% \begin{tiny}
% \begin{figure}[H]
% \begin{center}
% \begin{tabular}{ccc} 
% %\hline 
% $4.5s$
% &
% $4.6s$
% &
% $4.7s$
% \\
% \includegraphics[width=2.3truecm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/NimaTafazzoli/SSI_Contact_Element_01_13/figs/Gap_Slide_Magnitude_91_9pieces/gap450.pdf}
% &
% \includegraphics[width=2.3truecm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/NimaTafazzoli/SSI_Contact_Element_01_13/figs/Gap_Slide_Magnitude_91_9pieces/gap460.pdf}
% &
% \includegraphics[width=2.3truecm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/NimaTafazzoli/SSI_Contact_Element_01_13/figs/Gap_Slide_Magnitude_91_9pieces/gap470.pdf}
% \\
% $4.8s$
% &
% $4.9s$
% &
% $5.0s$
% \\
% \includegraphics[width=2.3truecm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/NimaTafazzoli/SSI_Contact_Element_01_13/figs/Gap_Slide_Magnitude_91_9pieces/gap480.pdf}
% &
% \includegraphics[width=2.3truecm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/NimaTafazzoli/SSI_Contact_Element_01_13/figs/Gap_Slide_Magnitude_91_9pieces/gap490.pdf}
% &
% \includegraphics[width=2.3truecm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/NimaTafazzoli/SSI_Contact_Element_01_13/figs/Gap_Slide_Magnitude_91_9pieces/gap500.pdf}
% \\
% $5.1s$
% &
% $5.2s$
% &
% $5.3s$
% \\
% \includegraphics[width=2.3truecm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/NimaTafazzoli/SSI_Contact_Element_01_13/figs/Gap_Slide_Magnitude_91_9pieces/gap510.pdf}
% &
% \includegraphics[width=2.3truecm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/NimaTafazzoli/SSI_Contact_Element_01_13/figs/Gap_Slide_Magnitude_91_9pieces/gap520.pdf}
% &
% \includegraphics[width=2.3truecm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/NimaTafazzoli/SSI_Contact_Element_01_13/figs/Gap_Slide_Magnitude_91_9pieces/gap530.pdf}
% %\\
% %
% %\hline
% \end{tabular}
% %\caption{Distribution of gap openings along the contact interface for Ricker wave
% %(gray scale given in meters)}
% \label{fig:3d_ricker1000_gap_9}
% \end{center}
% \end{figure}
% \end{tiny}
% 
% 
% 
% \end{frame}
% 
% 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{frame}
\frametitle{Slipping Response and Energy Dissipated ($45^\circ$ Ricker)}





\vspace*{-0.1cm}
\begin{tiny}
\begin{figure}[H]
\begin{flushleft}
\hspace*{-1cm}
\begin{tabular}{ccc} 
%\hline 
$4.5s$
&
$4.6s$
&
$4.7s$
\\
\includegraphics[width=2.3truecm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/NimaTafazzoli/SSI_Contact_Element_01_13/figs/Gap_Slide_Magnitude_91_9pieces/slide450.pdf}
&
\includegraphics[width=2.3truecm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/NimaTafazzoli/SSI_Contact_Element_01_13/figs/Gap_Slide_Magnitude_91_9pieces/slide460.pdf}
&
\includegraphics[width=2.3truecm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/NimaTafazzoli/SSI_Contact_Element_01_13/figs/Gap_Slide_Magnitude_91_9pieces/slide470.pdf}
\\
$4.8s$
&
$4.9s$
&
$5.0s$
\\
\includegraphics[width=2.3truecm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/NimaTafazzoli/SSI_Contact_Element_01_13/figs/Gap_Slide_Magnitude_91_9pieces/slide480.pdf}
&
\includegraphics[width=2.3truecm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/NimaTafazzoli/SSI_Contact_Element_01_13/figs/Gap_Slide_Magnitude_91_9pieces/slide490.pdf}
&
\includegraphics[width=2.3truecm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/NimaTafazzoli/SSI_Contact_Element_01_13/figs/Gap_Slide_Magnitude_91_9pieces/slide500.pdf}
\\
$5.1s$
&
$5.2s$
&
$5.3s$
\\
\includegraphics[width=2.3truecm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/NimaTafazzoli/SSI_Contact_Element_01_13/figs/Gap_Slide_Magnitude_91_9pieces/slide510.pdf}
&
\includegraphics[width=2.3truecm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/NimaTafazzoli/SSI_Contact_Element_01_13/figs/Gap_Slide_Magnitude_91_9pieces/slide520.pdf}
&
\includegraphics[width=2.3truecm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/NimaTafazzoli/SSI_Contact_Element_01_13/figs/Gap_Slide_Magnitude_91_9pieces/slide530.pdf}
%\\
%
%\hline
\end{tabular}
%\caption{Distribution of sliding along the contact interface for Ricker wave
%(gray scale given in meters)}
\label{fig:3d_ricker1000_slide_9}
\end{flushleft}
\end{figure}
\end{tiny}

\vspace*{-5cm}
\begin{figure}[!H]
\begin{flushright}
\includegraphics[width=5cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Thesis/NimaTafazzoli/SSI_Contact_Element_01_13/figs/energy_sliding_92/energy_time.pdf}
\hspace*{-1cm}
\end{flushright}
\end{figure}



\end{frame}












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\section{Current Work}





%\subsection*{Summary}
\subsection*{Current Work}



       
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\begin{frame}
\frametitle{Current NPP Model(s)}

% 
% \vspace*{-0.5cm}
% \begin{figure}[!hbpt]
% \begin{center}
% %\hspace*{-0.5cm}
% \includegraphics[width=6cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Conferences/2013/NRC_Short_Course_May2013/Present/03_cropped.jpg}
% %\hspace*{-0.5cm}
% %\vspace*{-0.5cm}
% \includegraphics[width=3cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Conferences/2013/NRC_Short_Course_May2013/Present/02_cropped.jpg}
% %\hspace*{-0.5cm}
% %\vspace*{-1.5cm}
% \includegraphics[width=1.5cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Conferences/2013/NRC_Short_Course_May2013/Present/04_cropped.jpg}
% %\hspace*{-0.5cm}
% \end{center}                              
% \end{figure}
% %
% 
% 

\vspace*{-1.0cm}
\begin{figure}[!hbpt]
\begin{flushright}
\hspace*{2cm}
\raisebox{0.9cm}{\includegraphics[width=0.7cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Conferences/2013/NRC_Short_Course_May2013/Present/04_cropped.jpg}}
\raisebox{1.2cm}{\includegraphics[width=1.5cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Conferences/2013/NRC_Short_Course_May2013/Present/02_cropped.jpg}}
\raisebox{-0.5cm}{\includegraphics[width=3cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Conferences/2013/NRC_Short_Course_May2013/Present/03_cropped.jpg}}
\end{flushright}                              
\end{figure}

\vspace*{-3.6cm}
\begin{itemize}
% \item Modular models
%%\vspace*{-0.1cm}
 \item Inclined seismic waves
%\vspace*{-0.1cm}
 \item Foundation slip/no-slip 
%\vspace*{-0.1cm}
 \item Dynamics of impact 
%\vspace*{-0.1cm}
 \item Isolators, dissipators
%\vspace*{-0.1cm}
 \item Piles and pile groups 
%\vspace*{-0.1cm}
 \item Uncorrelated (incoherent) motions
%\vspace*{-0.1cm}
 \item Saturated dense vs loose soil with buoyant forces

\end{itemize}

\vspace*{-0.5cm}
\begin{figure}[!hbpt]
\begin{center}
%\raisebox{0.9cm}
\includegraphics[width=3.5cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Conferences/2013/SMiRT-22/NRC_ESSI_Simulator_current_status/Present/01.pdf}
\includegraphics[width=3.5cm]{/home/jeremic/tex/works/Conferences/2013/SMiRT-22/NRC_ESSI_Simulator_current_status/Present/02.pdf}
\end{center}                              
\end{figure}
\vspace*{-2.0cm}


\end{frame}



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\section{Summary}





\subsection*{Summary}



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\begin{frame}
  \frametitle{Summary}
  
  \begin{itemize}


  \item Nonlinear Earthquake Soil/Rock Structure Interaction (ESSI) plays a
  decisive role in seismic performance of NPPs

%\vspace*{0.1cm}
  \item    Nonlinear  ESSI modeling and simulations  has  to be performed  using
  high fidelity modeling and simulation tools
  
%\vspace*{0.1cm}
  \item      High  fidelity ESSI modeling and simulation tools require extensive
  verification and validation


%\vspace*{0.1cm}
  \item    Risk  informed  decision  making  can/should   only  be done using such high
  fidelity modeling and simulation
  

%\vspace*{0.1cm}
  \item  {\bf    ESSI  Simulator  Program} (system),  
% extensively  {verified} and   {validated} 
  is  one such tool that is used for modeling, simulations, design 
  and regulatory decision making

%\vspace*{0.1cm}
  \item     {Education  and  training}  of  users  (regulators,  designers,
  owners/applicants) proves essential
  
  
\end{itemize}


\end{frame}
%




% 
% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% \begin{frame}
%   \frametitle{UCD/LBNL ESSI Group Current Work}
%   
%   \begin{itemize}
% 
% 
% 
% %\vspace*{0.5cm}
%   \item  ESSI Simulator System: continued development 
%         (US-NRC, US-DOE, CNSC, and INL, AREVA, Shimizu Corp.,  IAEA, ...)
% 
% \vspace*{0.2cm}
%   \item         Small    Modular  Reactor:  ESSI  modeling  
%   and  simulation,  3D
%   elastic-plastic soil models for professional practice (DOE, LLNL)
% 
% \vspace*{0.2cm}
%   \item Stochastic ESSI Modeling: uncertain source, path, 
%   site and SSI (NSF, US NRC, AREVA)
% 
% \vspace*{0.2cm}
%   \item ESSI of base isolated NPPs (US NRC, IAEA)
% 
% \vspace*{0.2cm}
%   \item  Verification and Validation: (US NRC, DOE, AREVA)
% 
% \vspace*{0.2cm}
%   \item Education (US NRC, AREVA, Shimizu Corp., etc.)
% 
% \end{itemize}
% 
% 
% \end{frame}
% %


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\begin{frame}
  \frametitle{Acknowledgement}
  
  \begin{itemize}


%  \item  High fidelity
%  modeling and simulations for performance assessment of infrastructure systems


\vspace*{0.1cm}
  \item  Funding  from and collaboration with the US-NRC, CNSC, US-NSF,  US-DOE,
  LLNL,  INL,  and  collaboration  with  AREVA  NP  GmbH, Shimizu Corp., etc. is
  greatly appreciated,
  
\vspace*{0.5cm}
  \item  Collaborators, students:      
  Mr.  Abell,  Mr.  Jeong, Mr. Aldridge. Mr.   Kamranimoghadam, 
  Dr.  Tafazzoli,   Dr.  Pisan{\`o}, Dr. Martinelli,  
  Dr.  Preisig, Dr. Chang, 
  Prof. Sett (U. Bufallo), Prof. Taiebat (U. British Columbia), Prof. Yang (U. Alaska)

  
\end{itemize}


\end{frame}
%


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\end{document}


